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Readily Releasable Stores of Calcium in Neuronal Endolysosomes: Physiological and Pathophysiological Relevance

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Calcium Signaling

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1131))

Abstract

Neurons are long-lived post-mitotic cells that possess an elaborate system of endosomes and lysosomes (endolysosomes) for protein quality control. Relatively recently, endolysosomes were recognized to contain high concentrations (400–600 μM) of readily releasable calcium. The release of calcium from this acidic organelle store contributes to calcium-dependent processes of fundamental physiological importance to neurons including neurotransmitter release, membrane excitability, neurite outgrowth, synaptic remodeling, and cell viability. Pathologically, disturbances of endolysosome structure and/or function have been noted in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). And, dysregulation of intracellular calcium has been implicated in the neuropathogenesis of these same neurological disorders. Thus, it is important to better understand mechanisms by which calcium is released from endolysosomes as well as the consequences of such release to inter-organellar signaling, physiological functions of neurons, and possible pathological consequences. In doing so, a path forward towards new therapeutic modalities might be facilitated.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding provided by the NIH for our work; P30GM103329, R01MH100972, R01MH105329, R01MH119000, R01NS065957, and R01DA032444.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA

    Koffi L. Lakpa, Peter W. Halcrow, Xuesong Chen & Jonathan D. Geiger

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  1. Koffi L. Lakpa
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  3. Xuesong Chen
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  4. Jonathan D. Geiger
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Correspondence to Jonathan D. Geiger .

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  1. Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Md. Shahidul Islam

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Lakpa, K.L., Halcrow, P.W., Chen, X., Geiger, J.D. (2020). Readily Releasable Stores of Calcium in Neuronal Endolysosomes: Physiological and Pathophysiological Relevance. In: Islam, M. (eds) Calcium Signaling. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1131. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_27

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