Skip to main content

Theoretical Perspectives on Identity and Transition

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Military Identity and the Transition into Civilian Life

Abstract

In this introductory chapter, we explore some of the classic theoretical perspectives that help us understand identity. Specifically, the chapter explores two key theories: Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory. Identity Theory sees the self as a multifaceted social construct that develops from an individual’s various roles in society and stipulates that variations in self-concept are due to the individual occupying these different roles. We also explore Stryker’s concept of identity salience and identity commitment. In the second half of the chapter, we outline the role of self-enhancement strategies and self-categorisation, as described in Social Identity Theory.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Beart, S., Hardy, G., & Buchan, L. (2005). How People with Intellectual Disabilities View Their Social Identity: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 18, 47–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J. (1991). Identity Processes and Social Stress. American Sociological Review, 56, 836–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, P. J., & Reitzes, D. C. (1981). The Link Between Identity and Role Performance. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 83–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callero, P. L. (1985). Role Identity Salience. Social Psychology Quarterly, 48, 203–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callero, P. L. (1995). Role as Resource in a Prison Uprising. In B. Markovsky, K. Heimer, & J. O’Brien (Eds.), Advances in Group Processes (pp. 221–247). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deaux, K., Reid, A., Mizrahi, K., & Ethier, K. (1995). Parameters of Social Identity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 280–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Festinger, L., Pepitone, A., & Newcomb, T. (1952). Some Consequences of Deindividuation in a Group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47, 382–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleason, P. (1983). Identifying Identity: A Semantic History. Journal of American History, 6, 910–931.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, S. A. (2001). Psychology in Organizations: The Social Identity Approach. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, N., & Loughnan, S. (2014). Dehumanization and Infrahumanization. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 399–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoelter, J. W. (1983). The Effects of Role Evaluation and Commitment on Identity Salience. Social Psychology Journal, 46, 140–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, M. A., & Hains, S. C. (1996). Intergroup Relations and Group Solidarity: Effects of Group Identification and Social Beliefs on Depersonalized Attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 295–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, M. A., & Mullin, B. A. (1999). Joining Groups to Reduce Uncertainty: Subjective Uncertainty Reduction and Group Identification. In D. Abrams & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Social Identity and Social Cognition (pp. 249–279). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, M. A., & Reid, A. (2006). Social Identity, Self-Categorization, and Group Norms. Communication Theory, 16, 7–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (2000). Social Identity and Self-Categorization Processes in Organizational Contexts. Academy of Management Review, 25, 121–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J., & White, M. J. (1995). A Tale of Two Theories: Critical Comparisons of Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 255–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hogg, M. A., & Vaughan, G. M. (2002). Social Psychology (3rd ed.). London: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, J. A. (2000). Social Psychology of Identity. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 367–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huddy, L. (2001). From Social to Political Identity: A Critical Examination of Social Identity Theory. Political Psychology, 22, 127–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornhauser, W. (1962). Social Bases of Political Commitment. In A. M. Rose (Ed.), Human Behaviour and Social Processes (pp. 321–329). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, K. M., & Spears, R. (1997). The Self-Esteem Hypothesis Revisited: Differentiation and the Disaffected. In R. Spears, P. J. Oakes, N. Ellemers, & S. A. Haslam (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Stereotyping and Group Life (pp. 296–317). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCall, G. J., & Simmons, J. L. (1978). Identities and Interactions. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mutran, E., & Burke, P. J. (1979). Feeling ‘Useless’: A Common Component of Young and Old Adult Identities. Research on Aging, 1, 188–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuttbrock, L., & Freudiger, P. (1991). Identity Salience and Motherhood: A Test of Stryker’s Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 146–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prentice, D. (2006). On the Distinction Between Acting Like an Individual Versus Feeling Like an individual. In T. Postmes & J. Jetten (Eds.), Individuality and the Group: Advances in Social Identity (pp. 37–55). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. A., & Hogg, M. A. (2005). A Self-Categorization Explanation of the Third-Person Effect. Human Communication Research, 31, 129–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarup, M. (1994). Home and Identity. In G. Robertson, M. Mash, L. Tickner, J. Bird, B. Curtis, & T. Putnam (Eds.), Traveller’s Tales: Narratives of Home and Displacement (pp. 89–101). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon, R. W. (1992). Parental Role Strains, Salience of Parental Identity, and Gender Differences in Psychological Distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 25–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 224–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (1968). Identity Salience and Role Performance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 30, 558–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (1980). Symbolic Interactionism: A Social Structural Version. Menlo Park: Benjamin Cummings.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (1987). Identity Theory: Developments and Extensions. In K. Yardley & T. Honess (Eds.), Self and Identity: Psychosocial Perspectives (pp. 89–103). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 284–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. T. (1982). Commitment, Identity Salience, and Role Behavior: A Theory and Research Example. In W. Ickes & E. S. Knowles (Eds.), Personality, Roles, and Social Behavior (pp. 199–218). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Serpe, R. T. (1994). Identity Salience and Psychological Centrality: Equivalent, Overlapping, or Complementary Concepts? Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 16–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Statham, A. (1985). Symbolic Interaction and Role Theory. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 311–378). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (1972). Social Categorisation. In S. Moscivici (Ed.), Introduction à la psychologie sociale (Vol. 1). Paris: Larousse.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (Ed.). (1978). Differentiation Between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33–48). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. C. (1982). Towards a Cognitive Redefinition of the Social Group. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social Identity and Intergroup Relations (pp. 15–40). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. C. (1985). Social Categorization and the Self-Concept: A Social Cognitive Theory of Group Behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in Group Processes (pp. 77–121). Greenwich, CT: JAI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. C. (1987). Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. C. (1991). Social Influence. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1989). Self-Categorization Theory and Social Influence. In P. B. Paulus (Ed.), The Psychology of Group Influence (2nd ed., pp. 233–275). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, J. H. (2013). Contemporary Sociological Theory. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kevin M. Wilson-Smith .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wilson-Smith, K.M., Corr, P.J. (2019). Theoretical Perspectives on Identity and Transition. In: Military Identity and the Transition into Civilian Life. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12338-3_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics