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Smart Equity: An Australian Lens on the Need to Measure Distributive Justice

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Data-driven Multivalence in the Built Environment

Part of the book series: S.M.A.R.T. Environments ((SMARTE))

Abstract

This chapter reviews ideas on the multidimensional measurement of wellbeing from economics, and proposes that smart cities must include equity as an important dimension of performance. A city, in order to be smart, should have equitable distributions of opportunities and outcomes driving overall system performance on efficiency, productivity, resilience, or sustainability.

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References

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank her 45 students and 2 tutors, Catherine Gilbert and Carolina Rodriguez, of the 2017 Urban Data and Science of Cities unit of study at The University of Sydney. The major assessment that the students worked on was to critique, redesign and extend the indicator set proposed on the National Cities Performance Framework, with a specific equity focus. The author would like to thank the entire team and acknowledges the stimulating discussions in class.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

    Somwrita Sarkar

Authors
  1. Somwrita Sarkar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Somwrita Sarkar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Nimish Biloria

Appendices

Appendices

Appendix A: Word Counts (Upto 10 Times) for the Smart Cities Plan, Australia

200:

Cities

134:

our

92:

infrastructure

75:

Australian

74:

smart

71:

plan

64:

government

61:

investment

59:

transport

55:

city

44:

more

43:

Australia

40:

can

40:

growth

39:

new

38:

regional

37:

economic

36:

development

36:

projects

35:

housing

35:

planning

30:

have

29:

jobs

29:

urban

28:

Sydney

27:

local

26:

opportunities

26:

project

26:

through

25:

access

25:

governments

25:

greater

25:

value

25:

work

24:

has

24:

national

24:

people

24:

rail

23:

including

23:

public

22:

better

22:

building

22:

deliver

22:

these

21:

not

21:

services

20:

improve

20:

private

20:

sector

20:

technology

19:

business

19:

capture

19:

Commonwealth

19:

innovative

19:

land

19:

long

19:

need

19:

provide

18:

energy

18:

policy

18:

term

18:

use

18:

where

18:

financing

17:

Australia’s

17:

billion

17:

capital

17:

data

17:

deals

17:

economy

17:

funding

17:

they

16:

tomorrow

15:

approach

15:

centres

15:

congestion

15:

example

15:

reforms

14:

across

14:

between

14:

challenges

14:

do

14:

fund

14:

job

14:

live

14:

major

14:

million

14:

must

14:

population

14:

reform

13:

environment

13:

metropolitan

13:

one

13:

affordable

13:

state

13:

such

13:

supply

13:

support

12:

based

12:

but

12:

Canberra

12:

cent

12:

ensure

12:

green

12:

innovation

12:

investments

12:

levels

12:

potential

12:

quality

11:

areas

11:

businesses

11:

create

11:

drive

11:

high

11:

make

11:

Melbourne

11:

needs

11:

other

11:

regulatory

11:

well

11:

when

10:

area

10:

coast

10:

cost

10:

costs

10:

department

10:

emissions

10:

future

10:

governance

10:

important

10:

increasing

10:

involved

10:

key

10:

Manchester

10:

most

10:

outcomes

10:

report

10:

system

10:

technologies

10:

time

10:

up

Appendix B: Word Counts (Upto 10 Times) for the National Cities Performance Framework, Australia

344:

cities

293:

data

261:

city

217:

PERFORMANCE

159:

FRAMEWORK

140:

indicators

116:

government

106:

Australian

100:

housing

100:

population

97:

geography

90:

ASGS

80:

can

80:

policy

78:

ABS

78:

Sydney

73:

other

72:

Australia

72:

indicator

70:

not

66:

capital

65:

NATIONAL

62:

SA2

62:

Western

59:

source

56:

geographies

55:

local

54:

will

53:

GCCSA

53:

no

51:

growth

51:

people

49:

description

49:

services

49:

SUA

49:

Unit

47:

rationale

47:

update

46:

method

46:

source-data

46:

urban

45:

all

45:

have

44:

economic

44:

public

44:

regional

43:

more

43:

share

42:

available

40:

number

39:

limitations

39:

social

39:

work

38:

infrastructure

38:

jobs

38:

use

36:

areas

36:

calculated

36:

development

36:

green

36:

information

35:

new

35:

report

34:

dictionary

34:

emissions

34:

help

33:

industry

33:

percentage

32:

city’s

32:

how

32:

innovation

32:

labour

32:

planning

32:

quality

32:

smart

31:

department

31:

employment

31:

example

31:

rate

31:

space

31:

transport

30:

health

30:

measure

30:

our

29:

census

29:

community

29:

greater

28:

align

28:

Australia’s

28:

energy

28:

income

28:

one

28:

research

27:

average

27:

support

26:

across

26:

over

26:

time

25:

access

25:

business

25:

future

24:

change

24:

liveability

23:

environment

23:

estimates

23:

five

23:

household

23:

investment

23:

life

23:

Melbourne

23:

proportions

23:

state

22:

based

22:

better

22:

Building

22:

economy

22:

include

22:

level

22:

may

22:

provide

22:

summed

22:

understand

22:

yearly

21:

Council

21:

global

21:

opportunities

21:

they

20:

Canberra

20:

important

20:

key

20:

priorities

20:

well

19:

been

19:

force

19:

households

19:

industries

19:

within

18:

accessible

18:

air

18:

area

18:

digital

18:

governance

18:

improve

18:

Index

17:

different

17:

dwelling

17:

governments

17:

greenhouse

17:

measures

17:

online

17:

water

16:

affordability

16:

annually

16:

contextual

16:

institute

16:

output

16:

size

16:

skills

15:

aims

15:

between

15:

businesses

15:

cent

15:

challenges

15:

deals

15:

gas

15:

including

15:

provides

15:

range

15:

ratio

15:

SA4

15:

together

15:

travel

15:

weights

15:

years

14:

annual

14:

city-level

14:

comparable

14:

congestion

14:

dwellings

14:

international

14:

land

14:

levels

14:

productivity

14:

statistical

14:

three

14:

updates

14:

users

14:

wellbeing

14:

year

13:

centre

13:

converted

13:

derived

13:

disadvantage

13:

education

13:

frameworks

13:

knowledge

13:

make

13:

minutes

13:

person

13:

persons

13:

proportion

13:

reliable

13:

sustainable

13:

understanding

12:

age

12:

chart

12:

context

12:

living

12:

objectives

12:

only

12:

peak

12:

progress

12:

rates

12:

residential

12:

science

12:

six

12:

socio-economic

12:

when

12:

where

11:

coast

11:

communities

11:

construction

11:

consultation

11:

costs

11:

less

11:

liveable

11:

made

11:

price

11:

score

11:

should

11:

success

11:

times

11:

University

11:

who

10:

activity

10:

amount

10:

association

10:

consistent

10:

every

10:

high

10:

higher

10:

improved

10:

interim

10:

many

10:

measuring

10:

median

10:

mesh

10:

Perth

10:

place

10:

statistics

10:

sustainability

10:

unavailable

10:

unemployment

10:

updated

Appendix C: Word Counts (Upto 10 Times) for the Smart London Plan

367:

LONDON

138:

data

132:

London’s

124:

smart

121:

city

98:

technology

94:

digital

85:

new

67:

innovation

65:

Londoners

64:

more

52:

PLAN

52:

use

51:

infrastructure

46:

open

45:

cities

45:

work

44:

how

41:

transport

40:

through

40:

up

39:

public

37:

help

36:

across

36:

growth

34:

development

34:

global

33:

future

33:

number

33:

support

32:

other

31:

million

30:

challenges

30:

STUDY

29:

boroughs

29:

develop

29:

increase

29:

investment

28:

businesses

28:

CASE

28:

create

28:

Hall

28:

Mayor’s

28:

services

27:

better

27:

local

27:

network

26:

opportunities

25:

needs

24:

different

24:

people

24:

research

24:

their

23:

access

23:

community

23:

one

23:

world

22:

energy

22:

including

22:

information

22:

what

22:

where

21:

approaches

21:

business

21:

ensure

21:

GLA

21:

our

20:

approach

20:

enable

20:

experience

20:

money

20:

park

20:

planning

20:

service

20:

TfL

20:

time

20:

traffic

19:

capital

19:

change

19:

datastore

19:

greater

19:

online

19:

technologies

19:

working

18:

between

18:

make

18:

Mayor

18:

part

18:

scale

18:

SUCCESS

18:

Tech

17:

areas

17:

college

17:

management

17:

need

17:

not

17:

SMEs

17:

solutions

17:

system

17:

systems

17:

term

16:

demand

16:

free

16:

Olympic

16:

Programme

16:

real

16:

TOGETHER

16:

waste

16:

way

16:

ways

15:

Board

15:

centre

15:

companies

15:

Education

15:

end

15:

MEASURES

15:

most

15:

provide

15:

sector

15:

set

15:

UK

14:

assets

14:

congestion

14:

economy

14:

establish

14:

identify

14:

IMPLEMENTING

14:

institute

14:

Oyster

14:

underground

14:

Urban

13:

Catapult

13:

created

13:

Hire

13:

integrated

13:

meet

13:

mobile

13:

policy

13:

results

12:

engage

12:

entrepreneurs

12:

first

12:

fund

12:

high

12:

ideas

12:

NHS

12:

out

12:

platform

12:

population

12:

project

12:

role

12:

sharing

12:

SMARTER

12:

social

12:

standards

12:

talent

12:

times

11:

already

11:

authority

11:

both

11:

build

11:

connected

11:

costs

11:

cycle

11:

existing

11:

financial

11:

firms

11:

level

11:

live

11:

markets

11:

NETWORKS

11:

schools

11:

showcase

11:

skills

11:

University

11:

users

11:

your

10:

activity

10:

bring

10:

broadband

10:

BUILDING

10:

capital’s

10:

city’s

10:

deliver

10:

efficiencies

10:

Elizabeth

10:

encourage

10:

enterprise

10:

European

10:

Imperial

10:

improve

10:

jobs

10:

least

10:

long

10:

market

10:

organisations

10:

private

10:

providers

10:

put

10:

quality

10:

Queen

10:

reduce

10:

road

10:

Scheme

10:

talk

10:

them

10:

two

10:

want

10:

Wi-Fi

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Sarkar, S. (2020). Smart Equity: An Australian Lens on the Need to Measure Distributive Justice. In: Biloria, N. (eds) Data-driven Multivalence in the Built Environment. S.M.A.R.T. Environments. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12180-8_1

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