Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pediatric Proximal Femoral Fractures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover The Pediatric and Adolescent Hip

  • 1477 Accesses

Abstract

Pediatric proximal femoral fractures are not common (about 1% of all pediatric fractures) with potentially devastating complications. Post-traumatic avascular necrosis following pediatric femoral neck fractures remains unsolved problem. The factors that were found to be predictors for avascular necrosis include age, fracture type, and displacement. To decrease the incidence of this complication, many authors recommend treating displaced proximal femoral fractures with urgent open anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation to help improve long-term outcomes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Flynn JM, Wong KL, Yeh GL, Meyer JS, Davidson RS. Displaced fractures of the hip in children. Management by early operation and immobilisation in a hip spica cast. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84(1):108–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ratliff AH. Fractures of the neck of the femur in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1962;44-B:528–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Augustin G, Antabak A, Davila S. The periosteum. Part 1: anatomy, histology and molecular biology. Injury. 2007;38(10):1115–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Allen MR, Burr DB. Human femoral neck has less cellular periosteum, and more mineralized periosteum, than femoral diaphyseal bone. Bone. 2005;36(2):311–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Raaymakers EL, Marti RK. Nonunion of the femoral neck: Possibilities and limitations of the various treatment modalities. Indian J Orthop. 2008;42(1):13–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Pauwels F. Der Schenkelhalsbruch. In: Pauwels F, editor. Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur funktionellen Anatomie des Bewegungsapparates [Internet]. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1965. p. 1–138.. [cited 2018 Sep 8]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86841-2_1.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Eamsobhana P, Keawpornsawan K. Nonunion paediatric femoral neck fracture treatment without open reduction. Hip Int. 2016;26(6):608–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Trueta J. The normal vascular anatomy of the human femoral head during growth. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1957;39-B(2):358–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ng GP, Cole WG. Effect of early hip decompression on the frequency of avascular necrosis in children with fractures of the neck of the femur. Injury. 1996;27(6):419–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kay SP, Hall JE. Fracture of the femoral neck in children and its complications. Clin Orthop. 1971;80:53–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Leadbetter GW. A treatment for fracture of the neck of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg. 1933;15(4):931.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Canale ST, Bourland WL. Fracture of the neck and intertrochanteric region of the femur in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59(4):431–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Colonna PC. Fracture of the neck of the femur in childhood: a report of six cases. Ann Surg. 1928;88(5):902–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Colonna PC. Fracture of the neck of the femur in children. Am J Surg. 1929;6(6):793–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ogden JA. Skeletal Injury in the Child [Internet]. 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2000.. [cited 2018 Sep 8]. Available from: //www.springer.com/gb/book/9780387985107

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ju L, Jiang B, Lou Y, Zheng P. Delayed treatment of femoral neck fractures in 58 children: open reduction internal fixation versus closed reduction internal fixation. J Pediatr Orthop Part B. 2016;25(5):459–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Forlin E, Guille JT, Kumar SJ, Rhee KJ. Complications associated with fracture of the neck of the femur in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1992;12(4):503–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Song KS, Kim YS, Sohn SW, Ogden JA. Arthrotomy and open reduction of the displaced fracture of the femoral neck in children. J Pediatr Orthop Part B. 2001;10(3):205–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Moon ES, Mehlman CT. Risk factors for avascular necrosis after femoral neck fractures in children: 25 Cincinnati cases and meta-analysis of 360 cases. J Orthop Trauma. 2006;20(5):323–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Bukva B, Abramović D, Vrgoč G, Marinović M, Bakota B, Dučić S, et al. Femoral neck fractures in children and the role of early hip decompression in final outcome. Injury. 2015;46(Suppl 6):S44–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Quinlan WR, Brady PG, Regan BF. Fracture of the neck of the femur in childhood. Injury. 1980;11(3):242–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Dhammi IK, Singh S, Jain AK. Displaced femoral neck fracture in children and adolescents: closed versus open reduction–a preliminary study. J Orthop Sci. 2005;10(2):173–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Song K-S. Displaced fracture of the femoral neck in children. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010;92-B(8):1148–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bali K, Sudesh P, Patel S, Kumar V, Saini U, Dhillon MS. Pediatric femoral neck fractures: our 10 years of experience. Clin Orthop Surg. 2011;3(4):302–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Panigrahi R, Sahu B, Mahapatra AK, Palo N, Priyadarshi A, Biswal MR. Treatment analysis of paediatric femoral neck fractures: a prospective multicenter theraupetic study in Indian scenario. Int Orthop. 2015;39(6):1121–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Maruenda JI, Barrios C, Gomar-Sancho F. Intracapsular hip pressure after femoral neck fracture. Clin Orthop. 1997;340:172–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Elmadag M, Ceylan HH, Erdem AC, Bilsel K, Uzer G, Acar MA. Pediatric transepiphyseal seperation and dislocation of the femoral head [Internet]. Case Reports in Orthopedics. 2013 [cited 2018 Sep 8]. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crior/2013/703850/abs/

  28. Hughes LO, Beaty JH. Fractures of the head and neck of the femur in children. J Bone Joint Surg. 1994;76(2):283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Committee Pennsylvania Orthopedic Society-Scientific Research. Traumatic dislocation of the hip joint in children. Final report. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 1968;50:79–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Forster NA, Ramseier LE, Ramseier LE, Exner GU. Undisplaced femoral neck fractures in children have a high risk of secondary displacement. J Pediatr Orthop Part B. 2006;15(2):131–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Pauyo T, Drager J, Albers A, Harvey EJ. Management of femoral neck fractures in the young patient: a critical analysis review., Management of femoral neck fractures in the young patient: a critical analysis review. World J Orthop. 2014;5(3):204–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Blair JA, Stinner DJ, Kirby JM, Gerlinger TL, Hsu JR, Skeletal Trauma Research Consortium (STReC). Quantification of femoral neck exposure through a minimally invasive Smith-Petersen approach. J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24(6):355–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Lichstein PM, Kleimeyer JP, Githens M, Vorhies JS, Gardner MJ, Bellino M, et al. Does the Watson-Jones or modified Smith-Petersen approach provide superior exposure for femoral neck fracture fixation? Clin Orthop. 2018;476(7):1468–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag Unviersity, Sohag, Egypt

    Mohamed Kenawey

  2. Trauma Department, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Emmanouil Liodakis, Marcel Winkelmann & Christian Krettek

Authors
  1. Mohamed Kenawey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Emmanouil Liodakis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marcel Winkelmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christian Krettek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Kenawey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Director of Paediatric Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Manchester Children Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

    Sattar Alshryda

  2. Weill Cornell Medicine, Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar

    Jason J. Howard

  3. Senior Attending Physician in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar

    James S. Huntley

  4. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Jeffrey Mast Chair of Orthopaedic Hip and Trauma Surgery, Nashville, TN, USA

    Jonathan G. Schoenecker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kenawey, M., Liodakis, E., Winkelmann, M., Krettek, C. (2019). Pediatric Proximal Femoral Fractures. In: Alshryda, S., Howard, J., Huntley, J., Schoenecker, J. (eds) The Pediatric and Adolescent Hip. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12003-0_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12003-0_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12002-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-12003-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation