Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and the Hip

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Pediatric and Adolescent Hip

Abstract

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a group of heterogeneous conditions characterised by chronic inflammatory arthritis in children (<16 years), persisting for longer than 6 weeks, with no known cause. The current International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification has 7 subtypes: (1) systemic (sJIA), (2) oligoarticular (oJIA), (3) polyarticular (pJIA) Rheumatoid factor-negative, (4) polyarticular (pJIA) Rheumatoid factor-positive, (5) enthesitis-related (ERA), (6) psoriatic (PsA), (7) undifferentiated. Considerable advances have been made in the past two decades with the advent of the 'biologic' agents (especially Tumour Necrosis Factor-α inhibitors) but also with better use of earlier disease-modifying treatments. It is hoped that management paradigms for the different arthritides translate into better outcomes and fewer long-term sequelae, including the requirements for surgery. With more modern treatments, hip surgery is rarely required in the child, though contracture release and synovectomy can be useful. The hip is commonly affected later in the course of the disease, and arthroplasty is often required as a young adult. Nevertheless, for joint destruction, arthroplasty can be a vital treatment even in the child. The surgical approach to pediatric patients requires consideration of anatomical differences, drug therapy and future arthroplasty implant failure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Prakken B, Albani S, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2011;377:2138–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Brewer EJ Jr, Bass JC, Cassidy JT, Duran BS, Fink CW, Jacobs JC, Markowitz M, Reynolds WE, Schaller J, Stillman JS, Wallace SL. Criteria for the classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Bull Rheum Dis. 1972;23:712–9.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brewer EJ Jr, Bass J, Baum J, Cassidy JT, Fink C, Jacobs J, Hanson V, Levinson JE, Schaller J, Stillman JS. Current proposed revision of JRA criteria. JRA criteria subcommittee of the diagnostic and therapeutic criteria committee of the American rheumatism section of the arthritis foundation. Arthritis Rheum. 1977;20:195–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. EULAR. Nomenclature et classification de l'arthrite chez l'enfant. EULAR Bulletin. 1977;6:101.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Petty RE, Southwood TR, Baum J, Bhettay E, Glass DN, Manners P, Maldonado-Cocco J, Suarez-Almazor M, Orozco-Alcala J, Prieur AM. Revision of the proposed classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1991–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Petty RE, Southwood TR, Manners P, Baum J, Glass DN, Goldenberg J, He X, Maldonado-Cocco J, Orozco-Alcala J, Prieur AM, Suarez-Almazor ME, Woo P. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:390–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ravelli A, Martini A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lancet. 2007;369:767–78.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gowdie PJ, Tse SML. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2012;59:301–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Armon K. Outcomes for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Paediatr Child Health. 2013;24:64–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Stoll ML, Cron RQ. Treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a revolution in care. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2014;12:13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Vanoni F, Minoia F, Malattia C. Biologics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a narrative review. Eur J Pediatr. 2017;176:1147–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Thierry S, Fautrel B, Lemelle I, Guillemin F. Prevalence and incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review. Joint Bone Spine. 2014;81:112–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Witt JD, McCullough CJ. Anterior soft-tissue release of the hip in juvenile chronic arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76B:267–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Punaro M. Rheumatological conditions in children who may present to the orthopaedic surgeon. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011;19:163–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hopkins SJ, Meager A. Cytokines in synovial fluid: II The presence of tumour necrosis factor and interferon. Clin Exp Immunol. 1988;73:88–92.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Eberhard BA, Laxer RM, Andersson U, Silverman ED. Local synthesis of both macrophage and T cell cytokines by synovial fluid cells from children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1994;96:260–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Hahn YS, Kim JG. Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53:921–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Ombrello MJ, Remmers EF, Tachmazidou I, Grom A, Foell D, Haas JP, Martini A, Gattorno M, Özen S, Prahalad S, Zeft AS, Bohnsack JF, Mellins ED, Ilowite NT, Russo R, Len C, Hilario MO, Oliveira S, Yeung RS, Rosenberg A, Wedderburn LR, Anton J, Schwarz T, Hinks A, Bilginer Y, Park J, Cobb J, Satorius CL, Han B, Baskin E, Signa S, Duerr RH, Achkar JP, Kamboh MI, Kaufman KM, Kottyan LC, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Docampo E, Estivill X, Gül A, de Bakker PI, Raychaudhuri S, Langefeld CD, Thompson S, Zeggini E, Thomson W, Kastner DL, Woo P, British Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology (BSPAR) Study Group; Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS) Group; Randomized Placebo Phase Study of Rilonacept in sJIA (RAPPORT) Investigators; Sparks-Childhood Arthritis Response to Medication Study (CHARMS) Group; Biologically Based Outcome Predictors in JIA (BBOP) Group, International Childhood Arthritis Genetics (INCHARGE) Consortium. HLA-DRB1*11 and variants of the MHC class II locus are strong risk factors for systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:159070–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. de Benedetti F, Massa M, Pignatti P, Albani S, Novick D, Martini A. Serum soluble interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor and IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor complex in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Invest. 1994;93:2114–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. de Benedetti F, Martini A. Is systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis an interleukin-6 mediated disease? J Rheumatol. 1998;25:203–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Yokota S, Imagawa T, Mori M. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, withdrawal phase III trial. Lancet. 2008;371:998–1006.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pascual V, Allantaz F, Arce E, Punaro M, Banchereau J. Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade. J Exp Med. 2005;201:1479–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Lequerre T, Quartier P, Rosellini D, Alaoui F, De Bandt M, Mejjad O, Kone-paut I, Michel M, Dernis E, Khellaf M, Limal N, Job-Deslandre C, Fautrel B, Le Loet X, Sibilia J. Interleukin-1 receptor anatagonist (anakinra) treatment in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis or adult onset Still disease: preliminary experience in France. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:302–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Quartier P, Constantin T, Wulffraat N, Horneff G, Brik R, McCann L, Kasapcopur O, Rutkowska-sak L, Schneider R, Berkun Y, Calvo I, Erguven M, Goffin L, Hofer M, Kallinich T, Oliveira SK, Uziel Y, Viola S, Nistala K, Wouters C, Cimaz R, Ferrandiz MA, Flato B, Gamir ML, Kone-Paut I, Grom A, Magnusson B, Ozen S, sztajnbok F, Lheritier K, Abrams K, kim D, martini A, Lovell DJ. Two randomised trials of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2396–406.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff AO, Kimura Y, Li S, Hashkes PJ, Wallace CA, Onel KB, Foell D, Wu R, Biedermann S, Hamilton JD, Radin AR. Long-term safety and efficacy of rilonacept in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:2486–96.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Giancane G, Minoia F, Davi S, Bracciolini G, Consolaro A, Ravelli A. IL-1 inhibition in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Pharmacol. 2016;7:467.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Peterson LS, Mason T, Nelson AM, O’Fallon WM, Gabriel SE. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota 1960-1993. Is the epidemiology changing? Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:1385–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Zak M, Pedersen FK. Juvenile chronic arthritis into adulthood: a long-term follow-up study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39(2):198–204.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Flato B, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Reiff A, Forre O, Lien G, Vinje O. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors in enthesitis-related arthritis: a case-control study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:3573–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Flato B, Lien G, Smerdl A, Vinje O, Dale K, Johnston V, Sorskaar D, Moum T, Ploski R, Forre O. Prognostic factors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study revealing early predictors and outcome after 14.9 years. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:386–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Foster HE, Marshall N, Myers A, Dunkley P, Griffiths ID. Outcomes in adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a quality of life study. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:767–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Minden K, Niewerth M, Listing J, Biedermann T, Bollow M, Schontube M, Zink A. Long-term outcome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:2392–401.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Packham JC, Hall MA. Long-term follow-up of 246 adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: functional outcome. Rheumatology. 2002;41:392–402.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Selvaag AM, Aulie HA, Lilleby V, Flato B. Disease progression into adulthood and predictors of long-term active disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:190–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Vilaiyuk S, Soponkanaporn S, Jaovisidha S, Benjaponpitak S, Manuyakorn W. A retrospective study on 158 Thai patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis followed in a single center over a 15-year period. Int J Rheum Dis. 2016;19:1342–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Shoop-Worrall SJW, Kearsley-Fleet L, Thomson W, Verstappen SMM, Hyrich KL. How common is remission in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;47:331–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Wood PHN. Size of the problem and causes of chronic sickness in the young. J Roy Soc Med. 1978;71:437–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Ravelli A. Toward an understanding of the long-term outcome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2004;22:271–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Zak M, Pedersen FK. Juvenile chronic arthritis into adulthood: a long-term follow-up study. Rheumatology. 2000;39:198–204.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Barth S, Haas J-P, Schlichtiger J, Molz J, Bisdorff B, Michels H, Hugle B, Radon K. Long-term health-related quality of life in German patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in comparison to German general population. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0153267.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Dimopoulou D, Trachana M, Pratsidou-Gertsi P, Sidiropoulos P, Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou F, Dimitroulas T, Garyfallos A. Predictors and long-term outcome in Greek adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a 17-year continuous follow-up study. Rheumatology. 2017;56:1928–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hashkes PJ, Wright BM, Lauer MS, Worley SE, Tand AS, Roettcher PA, Bowyer SL. Mortality outcomes in pediatric rheumatology in the US. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:599–608.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Rostom S, Amine B, Bensabbah R, Abouqal R, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Hip involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27:791–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Parvizi J, Lajam CM, Trousdale RT, Shaughnessy WJ, Cabanela ME. Total knee arthroplasty in young patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85A:1090–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Launay F, Jouve JL, Guillaume JM, Viehweger E, Jacquemier M, Bollini G. Total hip arthroplasty without cement in children and adolescents: 17 cases. Rev Chir Ortho Reparatrice Appar Mot. 2002;88:460–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Glass DN, Giannini EH. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis as a complex genetic trait. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:2261–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Prahalad S, Ryan MH, Shear ES, Thompson SD, Giannini EH, Glass DN. Twins concordant for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:2611–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Aggarwal A, Misra RN. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in India–rarity of antinuclear antibody and uveitis. Indian J Pediatr. 1996;63:301–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Andersson Gare B. Juvenile arthritis–who gets, where and when? A review of current data on incidence and prevalence. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999;17:367–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Berkun Y, Padeh S. Environmental factors and the geoepidemiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2010;9:A319–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Ozen S, Karaaslan Y, Ozdemir O, Saatci U, Koroglu E, Tezcan S. Prevalence of juvenile chronic arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever in Turkey: a field study. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:2445–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Oen K, Fast M, Postl B. Epidemiology of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Manitoba, Canada, 1975-92: cycles in incidence. J Rheumatol. 1995;22:745–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kaipiainen-Seppanen O, Savolainen A. Changes in the incidence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Finland. Rheumatology. 2001;40:928–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lindsley CB. Seasonal variation in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1987;30:838–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Gare BA, Fasth A. Epidemiology of juvenile chronic arthritis in southwestern Sweden: a 5-year prospective population study. Pediatrics. 1992;90:950–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Uziel Y, Pomeranz A, Brik R, Navon P, Mukamel M, Press J, Barash J, tauber T, Harel L, Virgilis D, Bibi H, heldenberg D, Wolach B. Seasonal variation in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Israel. J Rheumatol. 1999;26:1187–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Feldman BM, Birdi N, Boone JE, Dent PB, Duffy CM, Ellsworth JE, Lang BA, Laxer RM, Lewkonia RM, Malleson PN, Oen KG, Paquin JD, Rosenberg AM, Schneider R, Silverman ED. Seasonal onset of systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Pediatr. 1996;129:513–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Oen KG, Cheang M. Epidemiology of chronic arthritis in childhood. Seminars Arthr Rheum. 1996;26:575–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Saurenmann RK, Rose JB, Tyrrell P, Feldman BM, Laxer RM, Schneider R, Silverman ED. Epidemiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a multiethnic cohort: ethnicity as a risk factor. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:1974–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Verbsky J, Oberle E, Harris J. Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: epidemiology and management approaches. Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:379.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Daurka JS, Malik AK, Robin DA, Witt JD. The results of uncemented total hip replacement in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at ten years. Bone Joint J. 2012;94B:1618–24.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Adelani MA, Keeney JA, Palisch A, Fowler SA, Clohisy JC. Has total hip arthroplasty in patients 30 years or younger improved? A systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013;471:2595–601.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Davies K, Cleary G, Foster H, Hutchinson E, Baildam E. BSPAR Standards of Care for children and young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2010;49:1406–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Aoust L, Rossi-Semerano L, Kone-Paut I, Dusser P. Time to diagnosis in juvenile arthritis: a french perspective. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2017;12:43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Fellas A, Hawke F, Santos D, Coda A. Prevalence, presentation and treatment of lower limb pathologies in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a narrative review. J Paediatr Child Health. 2017;53:836–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Goodman SM, Figgie M. Lower extremity arthroplasty in patients with inflammatory arthritis: preoperative and perioperative management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013;21:355–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Abdel MP, Figgie MP. Surgical management of the juvenile idiopathic arthritis patient with multiple joint involvement. Orthop Clin N Am. 2014;45:435–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Tse SM, Laxer RM. Approach to acute limb pain in childhood. Pediatr Rev. 2006;27:170–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Berard R. Approach to the child with joint inflammation. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2012;59:245–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Magni-Manzoni S. Ultrasound in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2016;14:33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Hemke R, Kuijpers TW, Nusman CM, Schonenberg-Meinema D, van Rossum MA, Dolman KM, van den Berg JM, Maas M. Contrast-enhanced MRI features in the early diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur Radiol. 2015;25:3222–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Dale K, Paus AC, Laires K. A radiographic classification system in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis applied to the knee. Eur Radiol. 1994;4:27–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Dueckers G, Guellac N, Arbogast M, Dannecker G, Foeldvari I, Frosch M, Ganser G, Heiligenhaus A, Horneff G, Illhardt A, Kopp I, Krauspe R, Markus B, Michels H, Schneider M, Singendonk W, Sitter H, Spamer M, Wagner N, Niehues T. Evidence and consensus based GKJR guidelines for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Immunol. 2012;142:176–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Davies R, Carrasco R, Foster HE, Baildam EM, Chieng SEA, Davidson JE, Ioannou Y, Wedderburn LR, Thompson W, Hyrich KL. Treatment prescribing patterns in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA): analysis from the UK childhood arthritis prospective study (CAPS). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46:190–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Amarilyo G, Tarp S, Foeldvari I, Cohen N, Pope TD, Woo JMP, Christenson R, Furst DE. Biological agents in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized withdrawal trials. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46:312–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Blazina S, Markelj G, Avramovic MZ, Toplak N, Avcin T. Management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Drugs. 2016;18:397–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Lanni S, Bertamino M, Consolaro A. Outcome and predicting factors of single and multiple intra-articular steroid injections in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2011;50:1627–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Marti P, Molinaro L, Bolit IB, Seger R, Saurenmann RK. Factors influencing the efficacy of intra-articular steroid injections in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur J Pediatr. 2008;167:425–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Zulian F, Martini G, Gobber D, Plebani M, Zacchello F, Manners P. Triamcinolone acetonide and hexacetonide intra-articular treatment of symmetrical joints in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a double-blind trial. Rheumatology. 2004;43:1288–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Wallen MM, Gillies D. Intra-articular steroids and splints/rest for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adults with rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;1:CD002824.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Scott C, Meiorin S, Filocamo G, Valle M, Martinoli C, Martini A, Ravelli A. A reappraisal of intra-articular corticosteroid therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010;28:774–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Jennings H, Hennessy K, Hendry GJ. The clinical effectiveness of intra-articular corticosteroids for arthritis of the lower limb in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Paediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2014;12:23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Meyer LM, Miller FR, Rowen MJ, Bock G, Rutzky J. Treatment of acute leukemia with amethopterin (4-amino, 10-methyl pteroyl glutamic acid). Acta Haematol. 1950;4:157–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Giannini EH, Brewer EJ, Kuzmina N, Shaikov A, Maximov A, Vorontsov I, Fink CW, Newman AJ, Cassidy JT, Zemel LS, for the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group and the Cooperative Children's Study Group. Methotrexate in resistant juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1043–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Viswanathan V, Murray KJ. Management of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Indian J Pediatr. 2016;83:63–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Wallace CA, Gianniini EH, Spalding SJ, Hashkes PJ, O'Neil KM, Zeft AS, Szer IS, Ringold S, Brunner HI, Schanberg LE, Sundel RP, Milojevic D, Punaro MG, Chira P, Gottlieb BS, Higgins GC, Ilowite NT, Kimura Y, Hamilton S, Johnson A, Huang B, Lovell DJ. Trial of early aggressive therapy in polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:2012–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Wallace CA, Ringold S, Bohnsack J, Spalding SJ, Brunner HI, Milojevic D, Schanberg LE, Higgins GC, O'Neil KM, Gottlieb BS, Hsu J, Punaro MG, Kimura Y, Hendrickson A. Extension study of participants from the trial of early aggressive therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:2459–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff A, Cawkwell GD, Silverman ED, Nocton JJ, Stein LD, Gedalia A, Ilowite NT, Wallace CA, Whitmore J, Fink B, for the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group. Etanercept in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:763–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Frittoli RB, Longhi BS, Silva AM, Filho AAB, Monteiro MARG, Appenzeller S. Effects of the use of growth hormone in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2017;57:100–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Nikishina IP, Rodionovskaya SR, Shapovalenko AN, Filippova LY, Jostareva OM. An experience of sequential use of three biologics and recombinant growth hormone in a patient with juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated with unsuccessful outcome of hip damage. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2011;9:143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Ramos AL, Hoffman F, Albrecht K, Klotsche J, Zink A, Minden K. Transition to adult rheumatology care is necessary to maintain DMARD therapy in young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;47:269–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Banskota AK, Shrestha SP, Banskota B, Bijukacche B, Rajbhandari T. Hip arthrodesis in children: a review of 28 patients. Indian J Orthop. 2009;43:383–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Bittersohl B, Zaps D, Bomar JD, Hosalkar HS. Hip arthrodesis in the pediatric population: where do we stand? Orthop Rev. 2011;3:e13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Albright JA, Ablright JP, Ogden JA. Synovectomy of the hip in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975;106:48–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Carl HD, Schraml A, Swoboda B, Hohenberger G. Synovectomy of the hip in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89A:1986–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Swann M, Ansell BM. Soft tissue release of the hips in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1986;68B:404–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Soutter R. A new operation for hip contraction in poliomyelitis. Boston Med Surg J. 1914;170:380–1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Chmell MJ, Scott RD, Thomas WH, Sledge CB. Total hip arthroplasty with cement for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Results at a minimum of ten years in patients less than thirty years old. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79A:44–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Torchia ME, Klassen RA, Bianco AJ. Total hip arthroplasty with cement in patients less than twenty years old. Long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78A:995–1003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Wroblewski BM, Siney PD, Fleming PA. Charnley low-frictional torque arthroplasty in young rheumatoid and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: 292 hips followed for an average of 15 years. Acta Orthop. 2007;78:206–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. McCullough CJ, Remedios D, Tytherleigh-Strong G, Hua J, Walker PS. The use of hydroxyapatite-coated CAD-CAM femoral components in adolescents and young adults with inflammatory polyarthropathy: ten-year results. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88B:860–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Odent T, Journeau P, Prieur AM, Touzet P, Pouliquen JC, Glorion C. Cementless hip arthroplasty in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25:465–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Clohisy JC, Oryhon JM, Seyler TM, Wells CW, Liu SS, Callaghan JJ, Mont MA. Function and fixation of total hip arthroplasty in patients 25 years of age or younger. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468:3207–13.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Finkbone PR, Severson EP, Cabanela ME, Trousdale RT. Ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 20 years. J Arthroplasty. 2012;27:213–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Tsukanaka M, Halvorsen V, Nordsletten L, Engesae Ter IO, Engesae Ter LB, Marie Fenstad A, Rohrl SM. Implant survival and radiographic outcome of total hip replacement in patients less than 20 years old. Acta Orthop. 2016;87:479–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  106. Sedrakyan A, Romero L, Graves S, Davidson D, de Steiger R, Lewis P, Solomon M, Vial R, Lorimer M. Survivorship of hip and knee implants in pediatric and young adult populations: analysis of registry and published data. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96A(Suppl 1):73–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Stern SH, Insall JN, Windsor RE, inglis AE, Dines DM. Total knee arthroplasty in patients with psoriasis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;248:108–10. discussion 111.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Malviya A, Walker LC, Avery P, Osborne S, Weir DJ, Foster HE, Deehan DJ. The long-term outcome of hip replacement in adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the influence of steroids and methotrexate. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93B:443–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. de Ranieri A, Wagner N, Imrie SN, Hwang KL, Goodman SB. Outcome of primary total hip arthroplasty in Charnley class C patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Arthroplasty. 2011;26:1182–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Adib N, Owers KL, Witt JD, Owens CM, Woo P, Murray KJ. Isolated inflammatory coxitis associated with protrusio acteabuli: a new form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2005;44:219–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Bongartz T, Halligan CS, Osmon DR, reinalda MS, Bamlet WR, Crowson CS, Hanssen AD, Matteson EL. Incidence and risk factors of prosthetic joint infection after total hip or knee replacement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:1713–20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Schnaser EA, Browne JA, Padgett DE, Figgie MP, D'Apuzzo MR. Perioperative complications in patients with inflammatory arthropathy undergoing total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31:2286–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Clay M, Mazouyes A, Gilson M, Gaudin P, Baillet A. Risk of postoperative infections and the discontinuation of TNF inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2016;83:701–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Goodman SM, Menon I, Christos PJ, Smethurst R, Bykerk VP. Management of perioperative tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology. 2015;55:573–82.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  115. Somayaji R, Barnabe C, Martin L. Risk factors for infection following total joint arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. Open Rheumatol J. 2013;7:119–24.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  116. Krause ML. Perioperative management of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. World J Orthop. 2014;5:283.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  117. Grennan DM, Gray J, Loudon J, Fear S. Methotrexate and early postoperative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:214–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  118. Pieringer H, Stuby U, Biesenbach G. The place of methotrexate perioperatively in elective orthopedic surgeries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;27:1217–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Sreekumar R, Gray J, Kay P, Grennan DM. Methotrexate and post operative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery–a ten year follow-up. Acta Orthop Belg. 2011;77:823–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Goodman SM, Springer B, Guyatt G, Abdel MP, Dasa V, George M, Gewurz-Singer O, Giles JT, Johnson RB, Lee S, Mandl LA, Mont MA, Sculco P, Sporer S, Stryker L, Turganbaev M, Brause B, Chen AF, Gililland J, Goodman M, Hurley-Rosenblatt A, Kirou K, Losina E, MacKenzie R, Michaud K, Mikuls T, Russell L, Sah A, Miller AS, Singh JA, Yates A. 2017 American College of Rheumatology/American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons guideline for the perioperative management of antirheumatic medication in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing elective total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Arthritis Care Res. 2017;69:1111–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Askling J, Fored CM, Brandt L, Baecklund E, Bertilsson L, Feltelius N, Coster L, Geborek P, Jacobsson LT, Lindblad S, Lysholm J, Rantapaa-Dalhqvist S, Saxne T, van Vollenhoven RF, Kareskog L. Time-dependent increase in risk of hospitalisation with infection among Swedish RA patients treated with TNF antagonists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1339–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  122. Goh L, Jewell T, Laversuch C, Samanta A. Should anti-TNF therapy be discontinued in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery? A systematic review of the evidence. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32:5–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Ding T, Ledingham J, Luqmani R, Westlake S, Hyrich K, Lunt M, Liely P, Bukhari M, Abernethy R, Bosworth A, Ostor A, Gadsby K, Mckenna F, Finney D, Dixey J, Deighton C. BSR and BHPR rheumatoid arthritis guidelines on safety of anti-TNF therapies. Rheumatology. 2010;49:2217–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Hashkes PJ, Laxer RM. Medical management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. JAMA. 2005;294:1671–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Davies R, Gaynor D, Hyrich KL, Pain CE. Efficacy of biologic therapy across individual juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtypes: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;46:584–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Goodman SB, Hwang K, Imrie S. High complication rate in revision total hip arthroplasty in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472:637–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Lorati A, Salmaso A, Gerloni V, Gattinara M, Fantini F. Accuracy of Wallace criteria for clinical remission in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cohort study of 761 consecutive cases. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(7):1532–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  128. Oen K, Malleson PN, Cabral DA, Rosenberg AM, Petty RE, Cheang M. Disease course and outcome of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a multicenter cohort. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:1989–99.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Sandborg C. Pediatric rheumatic disease: standards of care for JIA–the basic foundation for quality. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010;6:389–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Takken T, Van Brussel M, Engelbert RH, van der Net JJ, Kuis W, Helders PPJM. Exercise therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;2:CD005954.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Takken T, van der Net JJ, Helders PPJM. Methotrexate for treating juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;4:CD003129.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Senior Attending Physician in Pediatric, Orthopedic Surgery, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar

    James S. Huntley

  2. Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

    Peter S. Young & Sanjeev Patil

Authors
  1. James S. Huntley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter S. Young
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sanjeev Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James S. Huntley .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Director of Paediatric Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Manchester Children Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

    Sattar Alshryda

  2. Weill Cornell Medicine, Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar

    Jason J. Howard

  3. Senior Attending Physician in Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar

    James S. Huntley

  4. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Jeffrey Mast Chair of Orthopaedic Hip and Trauma Surgery, Nashville, TN, USA

    Jonathan G. Schoenecker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Huntley, J.S., Young, P.S., Patil, S. (2019). Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and the Hip. In: Alshryda, S., Howard, J., Huntley, J., Schoenecker, J. (eds) The Pediatric and Adolescent Hip. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12003-0_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12003-0_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12002-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-12003-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation