Sustainable Development: Clustering Moroccan Population Based on ICT and Education

Abstract

ICT and education relationship is increasingly recognized as important enablers of sustainable development growth. However, the validity of this theory still ambiguous in countries under development: as the case of morocco. The present study focused on determining the correlation between education (university degree as factor) and ICT (Internet access as factor). Data was extracted from public census 2014. A procedure combining tabular data and machine learning algorithms (K-means) was used to determine clusters of population accordingly to their access to Internet and level of education. The results showed that using K-means algorithm four clusters were identified for both rural and urban domains. This identification was verified by a level deepening starting with the regions then municipalities. This profound allows us to make a comparison between the regions and the municipalities clusters in the same territory (rural or urban), then an analysis based on resemblance between rural and urban population. The following conclusions are drown. For both urban and rural territories, the population of the cluster with the highest level of ICT and education, does not completely match with its counterpart in the municipalities. The same conclusion is applied for the lowest clusters. The comparison between the urban and rural clusters proves the incoherence between the two. The regions (or municipalities) that are in the cluster with the highest levels in the urban domain figure in the cluster with the lowest levels, and vice versa.