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Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) constitutes the most common metabolic disease of pregnancy, with a continuously increasing prevalence [1, 2]. It has been associated with several maternal and fetal/neonatal complications [3, 4]. Increased maternal age, increased pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), excessive weight gain during pregnancy, Aboriginal Australian, Middle Eastern and Pacific Islander ethnicity, positive family history of GDM, and parity are established risk factors for the development of GDM [5, 6]. GDM, similarly to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a multifactorial disease; its pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Genetic and acquired factors that affect insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion have been implicated to GDM development and determine the disease severity [7]. Hormonal, inflammatory, and immunologic factors contribute to GDM pathogenesis. Suboptimal lifestyle, such as hypercaloric diet, unhealthy nutritional habits, and reduced physical activity, contributes to central obesity, a triggering factor for GDM [8, 9].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Evangelia Kintiraki, Gesthimani Mintziori & Dimitrios G. Goulis

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  1. Evangelia Kintiraki
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  2. Gesthimani Mintziori
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  3. Dimitrios G. Goulis
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Correspondence to Dimitrios G. Goulis .

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  1. Multidisciplinary Diabetes Center, Mexico City, Mexico

    Joel Rodriguez-Saldana

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Kintiraki, E., Mintziori, G., Goulis, D.G. (2019). Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. In: Rodriguez-Saldana, J. (eds) The Diabetes Textbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11815-0_14

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