Abstract
Music is usually recorded dry and with only a single microphone, i.e., with a microphone placed closely to the instrument with as little influence from the surroundings as possible. When played back without further modification, signals recorded this way tend to not sound very good and, worse yet, they do not sound natural, as they lack the sound of a natural acoustical environment. To mitigate this, artificial reverberation (reverb for short) is usually applied to such signals before playback. This is done not only in music production, but also in television and movie production. Artificial reverberation basically makes it sound like a sound is being played in a desired environment, such as a large concert hall, a conference center, a cathedral, or a high-quality music recording studio.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
This is the case when analyzing the filters with pen and paper, but they have different behavior in terms of sensitivity to fine word-length effects, so the filters may in some cases yield different results in practice.
References
S.J. Orfanidis, Introduction to Signal Processing (Prentice-Hall International, Englewood Cliffs, 1996)
A.V. Oppenheim, R.W. Schafer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 1st edn. (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1989)
J.B. Allen, D.A. Berkley, Image method for efficiently simulating small-room acoustics. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65(4), 943–950 (1979)
V. Valimäki, J.D. Parker, L. Savioja, J.O. Smith, J.S. Abel, Fifty years of artificial reverberation. IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 20(5), 1421–1448 (2012)
J. Dattorro, Effect design, part I: reverberator and other filters. J. Audio Eng. Soc. 45(9), 660–684 (1997)
V. Pullki, Spatial sound generation and perception by amplitude panning techniques, Ph.D. dissertation, Helsinki University of Technology, 2001
V. Pulkki, T. Lokki, D. Rocchesso, Spatial effects, in DAFX: Digital Audio Effects, 2nd edn., ed. by U. Zölzer (Wiley, Chichester, 2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Christensen, M.G. (2019). Spatial Effects. In: Introduction to Audio Processing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11781-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11781-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11780-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11781-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)