Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques used for the characterization of nanomaterials. Microscopy is indeed the science of visualizing materials experimentally, whereas spectroscopy is concerned with the metrology (the science of measurement) of spectra produced during the interaction between the matter and the external stimuli, e.g. applied bias, electromagnetic radiation, etc.
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Notes
- 1.
Detailed understanding of these microscopes are left as a exercise for the reader.
- 2.
Interested readers are encouraged to explore STEM further.
- 3.
A \((7\times 7)\) reconstruction means that the unit cell is seven times larger on the surface than the bulk unit cell.
- 4.
In spectroscopy literature, wavenumber is simply the inverse of the wavelength. One should note that this definition has a factor of \(2\pi \) missing based on the definition in Chap. 2.
Reference
Binnig et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 120 (1983)
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Appendices
Problems
10.1 What is the minimum resolution obtained with unaided eye?
10.2 What is the minimum resolution obtained with light microscopy?
10.3 What is the minimum resolution obtained with electron microscopy?
10.4 For an electron microscope with 1Â KeV accelerating voltage and \(NA\ = \ 0.02\), what is the minimum resolution?
10.5 What are the advantages and disadvantages of SEM, TEM, and STEM?
10.6 Why STM does not work very well in air?
10.7 What are the advantages and disadvantages of various modes in AFM?
10.8 What are the typical applications of UV-Vis spectroscopy? What materials are usually characterized by using this technique?
10.9 What are the typical applications of FTIR spectroscopy? What materials are usually characterized by using this technique?
10.10 For the \(v_\mathrm{{RBM}}=112\,\mathrm{cm}^{-1}\), calculate the single-wall carbon nanotube diameter.
Research Assignment
R10.1 Food related applications of nanotechnology include sensors, tracers, packaging, food protection, condition and abuse monitors, contaminant sensors, reaction engineering and heat transfer, molecular synthesis, nanoparticles in food, water purification, equipment sanitation, etc. Pick a topic of your choice about how nanotechnology is playing a role in the food industry, and write a one-page summary.
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Raza, H. (2019). Nanocharacterization. In: Freshman Lectures on Nanotechnology. Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11733-7_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11733-7_10
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