Abstract
This chapter explores the visceral materiality of the knot to think through the rhizomatic movement of depression-recovery, where bad feelings produce and are produced through the disruptive affects of women’s lives. There is an ongoing need to surface the gendering of depression and recovery in order to disrupt the individualising of responsibility and self-blame for ‘bad feelings’. The ontological assumptions of the biopsychosocial model wilfully and irresponsibly ignore the sociocultural, economic and political conditions. As an alternative we think with the biopsychosocialities and affective forces that act through women’s different capacities and desires. Rather than abandon subjectivity in favour of pure externality—networks, assemblages, flows and so on—we think them together as post-humanist feminism concerned with the affective contours of contemporary life.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
We use the broader term rhizomatic thinking rather than more specific terms, such as schizoanalysis, as a move away from terminology that can enact stigmatisation and saneism in unanticipated ways despite the intention to emphasise the contradictory conditions that constitute madness that gave rise to Deleuze and Guattari’s ideas. Although this term was used to subvert psychoanalytic approaches, there is an irony in the reterritorialising potential of such ‘assemblages of enunciation’ (Guattari & Zayani, 1998). For further discussion on such issues raised within the mad movement, see LeFrançois, Menzies, and Reaume (2013).
References
Ahmed, S. (2004). The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Ahmed, S. (2017). Living a Feminist Life. Living a Feminist Life. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Appignanesi, L. (2011). Mad, Bad and Sad: A History of Women and the Mind Doctors from 1800 to the Present. London: Hachette UK.
Asberg, C., Thiele, K., & Van der Tuin, I. (2015). Speculative Before the Turn: Reintroducing Feminist Materialist Performativity. Cultural Studies Review, 21(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.5130/csr.v21i2.4324
Barad, K. (2003). Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(3), 801–831. https://doi.org/10.1086/345321
Barad, K. (2007). Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham, NC: Duke University.
Barad, K. (2010). Quantum Entanglements and Hauntological Relations of Inheritance: Dis/continuities, SpaceTime Enfoldings, and Justice-to-Come. Derrida Today, 32, 240–268. https://doi.org/10.3366/E1754850010000813
Barad, K. (2012). What is the Measure of Nothingness? Infinity, Virtuality, Justice. Documentaliste, 13, 76–81.
Barr, B., Kinderman, P., & Whitehead, M. (2015). Trends in Mental Health Inequalities in England During a Period of Recession, Austerity and Welfare Reform 2004 to 2013. Social Science and Medicine, 147, 324–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.009
Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T. (2007). You Have to Show Strength an Exploration of Gender, Race, and Depression. Gender & Society, 21(1), 28–51.
Berlant, L. (2011). Cruel Optimism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Blackman, L. (2012). Immaterial Bodies: Affect, Embodiment, Mediation. London: Sage.
Blackman, L. (2015). Researching Affect and Embodied Hauntologies: Exploring an Analytics of Experimentation. In B. Timm Knudsen & C. Stage (Eds.), Affective Methodologies: Developing Cultural Research Strategies for the Study of Affect (pp. 25–44). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Blackman, L. (2016). The Challenges of New Biopsychosocialities: Hearing Voices, Trauma, Epigenetics and Mediated Perception. The Sociological Review Monographs, 64(1), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1002/2059-7932.12024
Bornäs, H., & Sandell, K. (2016). Taking It Out on the Body? A Phenomenological Study of Young Adults’ Gendered Experiences of Depression and Anti-depressant Use. Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 24(4), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2017.1292313
Braidotti, R. (2008). Affirmation, Pain and Empowerment. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 14(3), 7–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2008.11666049
Busfield, J. (2017). The Concept of Medicalisation Reassessed. Sociology of Health and Illness, 39(5), 759–774. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12538
Colebrook, C. (2008). On Not Becoming Man: The Materialist Politics of Unactualized Potential. In S. Alaimo & S. Hekmann (Eds.), Material Feminisms (pp. 52–84). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Coleman, R. (2016). Notes Towards a Surfacing of Feminist Theoretical Turns. Australian Feminist Studies, 31(89), 228–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2016.1254033
Craddock, E. (2017). Caring About and for the Cuts: A Case Study of the Gendered Dimension of Austerity and Anti-Austerity Activism. Gender, Work and Organization, 24(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12153
Cvetkovich, A. (2012). Depression: A Public Feeling. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Deleuze, G. (1994). Difference and Repetition. New York: Columbia University Press.
Deleuze, G. (2004). Logic of Sense. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Deleuze, G. (2006). The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. London: Continuum.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1983). Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1987). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. A Thousand Plateaus. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Duff, C. (2014). Assemblages of Health: Deleuze’s Empiricism and the Ethology of Life. Rotterdam, Amsterdam: Springer.
Duff, C. (2016). Atmospheres of Recovery: Assemblages of Health. Environment and Planning A, 48(1), 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X15603222
Edge, D. (2013). Why Are You Cast Down, O My Soul? Exploring Intersections of Ethnicity, Gender, Depression, Spirituality and Implications for Black British Caribbean Women’s Mental Health. Critical Public Health, 23(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2012.760727
Fitzgerald, D., & Callard, F. (2015). Rethinking Interdisciplinarity Across the Social Sciences and Neurosciences. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137407962
Fox, N. J. (2015). Emotions, Affects and the Production of Social Life. The British Journal of Sociology, 66(2), 301–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12119
Fox, N. J. (2016). Health Sociology from Post-Structuralism to the New Materialisms. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine, 20(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459315615393
Fox, N. J., & Alldred, P. (2016). Sociology and the New Materialism: Theory, Research, Action. London: Sage.
de Freitas, E. (2012). The Classroom as Rhizome: New Strategies for Diagramming Knotted Interactions. Qualitative Inquiry, 18(7), 557–570. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800412450155
Fullagar, S., Rich, E., & Francombe-Webb, J. (2017). New Kinds of (Ab)normal?: Public Pedagogies, Affect and Youth Mental Health in the Digital Age. Social Sciences, 6(3), 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci6030099
Gerodetti, N., & McNaught-Davis, M. (2017). Feminisation of Success or Successful Femininities? Disentangling ‘New Femininities’ Under Neoliberal Conditions. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 24, 135050681771504. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506817715045
Ging, D., & Garvey, S. (2017). Written in These Scars are the Stories I Can’t Explain’: A Content Analysis of Pro-ana and Thinspiration Image Sharing on Instagram. New Media & Society, 1461444816687288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816687288
Grant, A. (2014). Troubling “Lived Experience”: A Post-Structural Critique of Mental Health Nursing Qualitative Research Assumptions. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(6), 544–546. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12113
Guattari, F., & Zayani, M. (1998). Schizoanalysis. The Yale Journal of Criticism, 11(2), 433–439.
Healy, D. (1998). The Anti-depressant Era. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hickey-Moody, A. (2013). Affect as Method: Feelings, Aesthetics and Affective Pedagogy. In J. Coleman & R. Ringrose (Eds.), Deleuze and Research Methodologies (pp. 79–95). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Hook, G. A., & Wolfe, M. J. (2017). Affective Violence: Re/negotiating Gendered-Feminism Within New Materialism. Journal of Gender Studies, 27, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2017.1340151
Irni, S. (2013). The Politics of Materiality: Affective Encounters in a Transdisciplinary Debate. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 20(4), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506812472669
Jackson, A. Y., & Mazzei, L. A. (2012). Thinking with Theory in Qualitative Research: Viewing Data Across Multiple Perspectives. New York: Routledge.
Kazimierczak, K. A. (2017). Clinical Encounter and the Logic of Relationality: Reconfiguring Bodies and Subjectivities in Clinical Relations. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459316688521
Kleinman, A. (2013). Intra-Actions. Mousse, 34, 76–81.
Lafrance, M. (2009). Women and Depression: Recovery and Resistance. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Lather, P., & St. Pierre, E. A. (2013). Post-qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 26(6), 629–633.
Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
LeFrançois, B. A., Menzies, R., & Reaume, G. (2013). Mad Matters: A Critical Reader in Canadian Mad Studies. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
Lenz Taguchi, H., & Palmer, A. (2013). A More ‘Livable’ School? A Diffractive Analysis of the Performative Enactments of Girls’ Ill−/Well-Being With(in) School Environments. Gender and Education, 25(6), 671–687. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2013.829909
Linstead, S., & Pullen, A. (2006). Gender as Multiplicity: Desire, Displacement, Difference and Dispersion. Human Relations, 59(9), 1287–1310. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726706069772
MacLure, M. (2013). Researching Without Representation? Language and Materiality in Post-Qualitative Methodology. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 26(6), 658–667.
Manning, E. (2014). Wondering the World Directly—Or, How Movement Outruns the Subject. Body and Society, 20, 162–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X14546357
Manning, E. (2016). The Minor Gesture. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Marecek, J. (2006). Social Suffering, Gender, and Women’s Depression. In C. L. M. Keyes & S. H. Goodman (Eds.), Women and Depression: A Handbook for the Social, Behavioral, and Biomedical Sciences (pp. 283–308). New York: Cambridge University Press.
McDermott, E., & Roen, K. (2016). Queer Youth Suicide and Self-Harm. London: Palgrave.
McLeod, K. (2017). Wellbeing Machine: How Health Emerges from the Assemblages of Everyday Life. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.
McRobbie, A. (2007). Top Girls? Young Women and the Post-Feminist Sexual Contract. Cultural Studies, 21(4), 718–737.
Metzl, J. M. (2010). The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease. Boston: Beacon Press.
Mills, C. (2014). Decolonizing Global Mental Health: The Psychiatrization of the Majority World. New York: Routledge.
Moncrieff, J. (2010). Psychiatric Diagnosis as a Political Device. Social Theory & Health, 8(4), 370–382.
Muñoz, J. E. (2006). Feeling Brown, Feeling Down: Latina Affect, the Performativity of Race, and the Depressive Position. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 31(3), 675–688. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/499080
Newman, J. (2017). Re-gendering Governance in Times of Austerity: Dilemmas of Feminist Theory, Politics and Practice. In C. Hudson, K. Teghtsoonian, & M. Rönnblom (Eds.), Missing in Action’: Gender, Power and Governance’ (pp. 21–38). London: Routledge.
Nikoleyczik, K. (2012). Towards Diffractive Transdisciplinarity: Integrating Gender Knowledge Into the Practice of Neuroscientific Research. Neuroethics, 5(3), 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-011-9135-3
Palmer, T. S. (2017). What Feels More Than Feeling? Critical Ethnic Studies, 3(2), 31–56.
Pickersgill, M. (2013). The Social Life of the Brain: Neuroscience in Society. Current Sociology. La Sociologie Contemporaine, 61(3), 322–340. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392113476464
Raynor, R. (2017). Dramatising Austerity: Holding a Story Together (and Why it Falls Apart …). Cultural Geographies, 24(2), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474016675564
Retallack, H., Ringrose, J., & Lawrence, E. (2016). “Fuck Your Body Image”: Teen Girls’ Twitter and Instagram Feminism in and Around School. In J. Coffey, S. Budgeon, & H. Cahill (Eds.), Learning Bodies: The Body in Youth and Childhood Studies (pp. 85–103). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ringrose, J. (2011). Beyond Discourse? Using Deleuze and Guattari’s Schizoanalysis to Explore Affective Assemblages, Heterosexually Striated Space, and Lines of Flight Online and at School. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43(6), 598–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2009.00601.x
Rose, N. S., & Abi-Rached, J. M. (2013). Neuro: The New Brain Sciences and the Management Of the Mind. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Schrecker, T., & Bambra, C. (2015). How Politics Makes Us Sick: Neoliberal Epidemics. Clare Basingstoke: Springer.
Schultz, W., & Hunter, N. (2016). Depression, Chemical Imbalances, and Feminism. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 28(4), 159–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952833.2016.1235523
Springgay, S., & Truman, S. E. (2018). On the Need for Methods Beyond Proceduralism: Speculative Middles, (In)tensions, and Response-Ability in Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 24(3), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800417704464
Stoppard, J. (2000). Understanding Depression: Feminist Social Constructionist Approaches. London: Routledge.
Stoppard, J., & McMullen, L. (2003). Situating Sadness: Women and Depression in Social Context. New York: New York University Press.
Strazdins, L., & Broom, D. (2004). Acts of Love (and Work): Gender Imbalance in Emotional Work and Women’s Psychological Distress. Journal of Family Issues, 25(3), 356–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03257413
Sullivan, S. (2013). Inheriting Racist Disparities in Health: Epigenetics and the Transgenerational Effects of White Racism. Critical Philosophy of Race, 1(2), 190–218. https://doi.org/10.1353/por.2013.0018
Teghtsoonian, K. (2009). Depression and Mental Health in Neoliberal Times: A Critical Analysis of Policy and Discourse. Social Science and Medicine, 69(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.03
Tyler, I., & Slater, T. (2018). Rethinking the Sociology of Stigma. The Sociological Review, 66(4), 721–743. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118777425
Ussher, J. M. (2010). Are We Medicalizing Women’s Misery? A Critical Review of Women’s Higher Rates of Reported Depression. Feminism and Psychology, 20(1), 9–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353509350213
Voronka, J. (2016). The Politics of “People with Lived Experience” Experiential Authority and the Risks of Strategic Essentialism. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 23(3), 189–201.
Wilson, E. A. (2015). Gut Feminism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fullagar, S., O’Brien, W., Pavlidis, A. (2019). Rhizomatic Movements and Gendered Knots of ‘Bad Feelings’. In: Feminism and a Vital Politics of Depression and Recovery. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11626-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11626-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11625-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11626-2
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)