Abstract
Photochemical reactions often dominate over collision-based equilibrium chemistry at atmospheric pressures less than 1 mbar, corresponding to about 0.1% of the Earth’s surface pressure and heights above 60 km for Earth-like rocky planets.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AgĂºndez, M., Parmentier, V., Venot, O., Hersant, F., Selsis, F.: Pseudo 2D chemical model of hot-Jupiter atmospheres: application to HD 209458b and HD 189733b. Astron. Astrophys. 564, A73 (2014)
Arney, G., Domagal-Goldman, S.D., Meadows, V.S. Wolf, E.T., Schwieterman, E., Charnay, B., Claire, M., HĂ©brard, E., Trainer, M.G.: The pale orange dot: the spectrum and habitability of hazy archean Earth. Astrobiology 16, 873 (2016)
Arney, G.N., Meadows, V.S., Domagal-Goldman, S.D., Deming, D., Robinson, T.D., Tovar, G., Wolf, E.T., Schwieterman, E.: Pale orange dots: the impact of organic haze on the habitability and detectability of Earthlike exoplanets. Astrophys. J. 836, 49 (2017)
Bean, J.L., Miller-Ricci Kempton, E., Homeier, D.: A ground-based transmission spectrum of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ 1214b. Nature 468, 669 (2010)
Berta, Z.K., Charbonneau, D., DĂ©sert, J.-M., Miller-Ricci Kempton, E., McCullough, P.R., Burke, C.J., Fortney, J.J., Irwin, J., Nutzman, P., Homeier, D.: The flat transmission spectrum of the super-Earth GJ 1214b from Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope. Astrophys. J. 747, 35 (2012)
Catling, D.C., Krissansen-Totton, J., Kiang, N.Y., Crisp, D., Robinson, T.D., DasSarma, S., Rushby, A.J., Del Genio, A., Bains, W., Domagal-Goldman, S.: Exoplanet biosignatures: a framework for their assessment. Astrobiology 18, 709 (2018)
Crossfield, I.J.M., Kreidberg, L.: Trends in atmospheric properties of Neptune-size exoplanets. Astron. J. 154, 261 (2017)
Crossfield, I.J.M., Barman, T., Hansen, B.M.S.: High-resolution, differential, near-infrared transmission spectroscopy of GJ 1214b. Astrophys. J. 736, 132 (2011)
DĂ©sert, J.-M., Bean, J., Miller-Ricci Kempton, E., Berta, Z.K., Charbonneau, D., Irwin, J., Fortney, J., Burke, C.J., Nutzman, P.: Observational evidence for a metal-rich atmosphere on the super-Earth GJ1214b. Astrophys. J. Lett. 731, L40 (2011)
Domagal-Goldman, S.D., Meadows, V.S., Claire, M.W., Kasting, J.F.: Using biogenic sulfur gases as remotely detectable biosignatures on anoxic planets. Astrobiology 11, 419 (2011)
Domagal-Goldman, S.D., Segura, A., Claire, M.W., Robinson, T.D., Meadows, V.S.: Abiotic ozone and oxygen in atmospheres similar to prebiotic Earth. Astrophys. J. 792, 90 (2014)
France, K., Linsky, J.L., Tian, F., Froning, C.S., Roberge, A.: Time-resolved ultraviolet sectroscopy of the M-dwarf GJ 876 exoplanetary system. Astrophys. J. Lett. 750, L32 (2012)
France, K., Froning, C.S., Linsky, J.L., Roberge, A., Stocke, J.T., Tian, F., Bushinsky, R., DĂ©sert, J.-M., Mauas, P., Vietes, M., Walkowicz, L.: The ultraviolet radiation environment around M dwarf exoplanet host stars. Astrophys. J. 763, 149 (2013)
France, K., Loyd, R.O.P., Youngblood, A., Brown, A., Schneider, P.C., Hawley, S.L., Froning, C.S., Linsky, J.L., Roberge, A., et al.: The muscles treasury survey I: motivation and overview. Astrophys. J. 820, 89 (2016)
Harman, C.E., Schwieterman, E.W., Schottelkotte, J.C., Kasting, J.F.: Abiotic O2 levels on planets around F, G, K, and M stars: possible false positives for life? Astrophys. J. 812, 137 (2015)
Hu, R., Seager, S.: Photochemistry in terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres. III. Photochemistry and thermochemistry in thick atmospheres on super Earths and mini Neptunes. Astrophys. J. 784, 63 (2014)
Kaltenegger, L.: How to characterize habitable worlds and signs of life. Ann. Rev . Astron. Astrophys. 55, 433 (2017)
Kasting, J.F.: Stability of ammonia in the primitive terrestrial atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 3091 (1982)
Kopparapu, R., Kasting, J.F., Zahnle, K.J.: A photochemical model for the carbon-rich planet WASP-12b. Astrophys. J. 745, 77 (2012)
Kopparapu, R.K., Ramirez, R.M., SchottelKotte, J., Kasting, J.F., Domagal-Goldman, S., Eymet, V.: Habitable zones around main-sequence stars: dependence on planetary mass. Astrophys. J. 787, 29 (2014)
Kreidberg, L., Bean, J.L., DĂ©sert, J.-M., Benneke, B., Deming, D., Stevenson, K.B., Seager, S., Berta-Thompson, Z., Seifahrt, A., Homeier, D.: Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ1214b. Nature 505, 69 (2014)
Kreidberg, L., Line, M.R., Thorngren, D., Morley, C.V., Stevenson, K.B.: Water, high-altitude condensates, and possible methane depletion in the atmosphere of the warm super-Neptune WASP-107b. Astrophys. J. 858, 6 (2018)
Lederberg, J.: Signs of life: criterion-system of exobiology. Nature 207, 9 (1965)
LĂ³pez-Puertas, M., Dinelli, B.M., Adriani, A., Funke, B., GarcĂa-Comas, M., Moriconi, M.L., D’Aversa, E., Boersma, C., Allamandola, L.J.: Large abundances of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Titan’s upper atmosphere. Astrophys. J. 770, 132 (2013)
Lovelock, J.E.: A physical basis for life detection experiments. Nature 207, 568 (1965)
Loyd, R.O.P., France, K., Youngblood, A., Schneider, M.C., Brown, A., Hu, R., Linsky, J.L., Froning, C.S., Redfield, S., Rugheimer, S., Tian, F.: The MUSCLES Treasury Survey III. X-ray to infrared spectra of 11 M and K stars hosting planets. Astrophys. J. 824, 102 (2016)
Loyd, R.O.P., France, K., Youngblood, A., Schneider, C. Brown, A., Hu, R., Segura, A., Linsky, J., Redfield, S., Tian, F., Rugheimer, S., Miguel, T., Froning, C.S.: The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. V. FUV flares on active and inactive M dwarfs. Astrophys. J. 867, 71 (2018)
Madhusudhan, N., AgĂºndez, M., Moses, J.I., Hu, Y.: Exoplanetary atmospheres-chemistry, formation conditions, and habitability. Space Sci. Rev. 205, 285 (2016)
Marty, B., Zimmermann, L., Pujol, M., Burgess, R., Philippot, P.: Nitrogen isotopic composition and density of the Archean atmosphere. Science 342, 101 (2013)
Meadows, V.S.: Reflections on O2 as a biosignature in exoplanetary atmospheres. Astrobiology 17, 1022 (2017)
Meadows, V.S., Reinhard, C.T., Arney, G.N., Parenteau, M.N., Schwieterman, E.W., Domagal-Goldman, S.D., Lincowski, A.P., Stapelfeldt, K.R., Rauer, H., et al.: Exoplanet biosignatures: understanding oxygen as a biosignature in the context of its environment. Astrobiology 18, 630 (2018)
Miguel, Y., Kaltenegger, L.: Exploring atmospheres of hot mini-Neptunes and extrasolar giant planets orbiting different stars with application to HD 97658b, WASP-12b, CoRoT-2b, XO-1b, and HD 189733b. Astrophys. J. 780, 166 (2014)
Miguel, Y., Kaltenegger, L., Linsky, J.L., Rugheimer, S.: The effect of Lyman α radiation on mini-Neptune atmospheres around M stars: application to GJ 436b. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 446, 345 (2015)
Morley, C.V., Fortney, J.J., Kempton, E.M.-R., Marley, M.S., Visscher, C., Zahnle, K.: Quantitatively assessing the role of clouds in the transmission spectrum of GJ 1214b. Astrophys. J. 775, 33 (2013)
Morley, C.V., Fortney, J.J., Marley, M.S., Zahnle, K., Line, M., Kempton, E., Lewis, N., Cahoy, K.: Thermal emission and reflected light spectra of super Earths with flat transmission spectra. Astrophys. J. 815, 110 (2015)
Morley, C.V., Knutson, H., Line, M., Fortney, J.J., Thorngren, D., Marley, M.S., Teal, D., Lupu, R.: Forward and inverse modeling of the emission and transmission spectrum of GJ 436b: investigating metal enrichment, tidal heating, and clouds. Astron. J. 153, 86 (2017)
Moses, J.I., Line, M.R., Visscher, C., Richardson, M.R., Nettelmann, N., Fortney, J.J., Barman, T.S., Stevenson, K.B., Madhusudhan, N.: Compositional diversity in the atmospheres of hot Neptunes, with application to GJ 436b. Astrophys. J. 777, 34 (2013a)
Moses, J.I., Madhusudhan, N., Visscher, C., Freedman, R.S.: Chemical consequences of the C/O ratio on hot Jupiters: examples from WASP-12b, CoRoT-2b, XO-1b, and HD 189733b. Astrophys. J. 763, 25 (2013b)
Nugroho, S.K., Kawahara, H., Masuda, K., Hirano, T., Kotani, T., Tajitsu, A.: High-resolution spectroscopic detection of TiO and a stratosphere in the day-side of WASP-33b. Astron. J. 154, 221 (2017)
Powell, D., Zhang, X., Gao, P., Parmentier, V.: Formation of silicate and titanium clouds on hot Jupiters. Astrophys. J. 860, 18 (2018)
Rackham, B., Espinoza, N., Apai, D., LĂ³pez-Morales, M., JordĂ¡n, A., Osip, D.J., Lewis, N.K., Rodler, F., Fraine, J.D., Morley, C.V., Fortney, J.J.: Access I. An optical transmission spectrum of GJ 1214b reveals a heterogeneous stellar photosphere. Astrophys. J. 834, 151 (2017)
Rugheimer, S., Kaltenegger, L., Segura, A., Linsky, J., Mohanty, S.: Effect of UV radiation on the spectral fingerprints of Earth-like planets orbiting M dwarfs. Astrophys. J. 809, 57 (2015)
Sagan, C., Thompson, W.R., Carlson, R., Gurnett, D., Hord, C.: A search for life on Earth from the Galileo spacecraft. Nature 365, 715 (1993a)
Sagan, C., Khare, B.N., Thompson, W.R., McDonald, G.D., Wing, M.R., Bada, J.L., Vo-Dinh, T., Arakawa, E.T.:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheres of Titan and Jupiter. Astrophys. J. 414, 399 (1993b)
Schwieterman, E.W., Kiang, N.Y., Parenteau, M.N., Harman, C.E., DasSarma, S., Fisher, T.M., Arney, G.N., Hartnett, H.E., Reinhard, C.T., et al.: Exoplanet biosignatures: a review of remotely detectable signs of life. Astrobiology 18, 663 (2018)
Seager, S.: Exoplanet habitability. Science 340, 577 (2013)
Seager, S., Bains, W., Hu, R.: A biomass-based model to estimate the plausibility of exoplanet biosignature gases. Astrophys. J. 775, 104 (2013)
Seager, S., Bains, W., Petkowski, J.J.: Toward a list of molecules as potential biosignature gases for the search for life on exoplanets and applications to terrestrial biochemistry. Astrobiology 16, 465 (2016)
Segura, A., Kasting, J.F., Meadows, V., Cohen, M., Scalo, J., Crisp, D., Butler, R.A.H., Tinetti, G.: Biosignatures from Earth-Like planets around M dwarfs. Astrobiology 5, 706 (2005)
Selsis, F., Despois, D., Parisot, J.-P.: Signature of life on exoplanets: can Darwin produce false positive detections? Astron. Astrophys. 388, 985 (2002)
Som, S.M., Buick, R., Hagadorn, J.W., Blake, T.S., Perreault, J.M., Harnmeijer, J.P., Catling, D.C.: Earth’s airpressure 2.7 billion years ago constrained to less than half of modern levels. Nat. Geosci. 9, 448 (2016)
Tian, F., France, K., Linsky, J.L., Mauas, P.J.D., Vieytes, M.C.: High stellar FUV/NUV ratio and oxygen contents in the atmospheres of potentially habitable planets. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 385, 22 (2014)
Venot, O., AgĂºndez, M., Selsis, F., Tessenyi, M., Iro, N.: The atmospheric chemistry of the warm Neptune GJ 3470b: influence of metallicity and temperature on the CH4/CO ratio. Astron. Astrophys. 562, 51 (2014)
Wordsworth, R., Pierrehumbert, R.: Abiotic oxygen-dominated atmospheres on terrestrial habitable zone planets. Astrophys. J. 785, L20 (2014)
Zahnle, K., Marley, M.S., Freedman, R.S., Lodders, K., Fortney, J.J.: Atmospheric sulfur photochemistry on hot Jupiters. Astrophys. J. 701, 20 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Linsky, J. (2019). Host Star Driven Photochemistry in Exoplanet Atmospheres. In: Host Stars and their Effects on Exoplanet Atmospheres . Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 955. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11452-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11452-7_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11451-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11452-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)