Abstract
Simple mass-transport model is used to describe the phenomenon of decreasing bottleneck flow during egress of pedestrians through complex infrastructure. The considered mass-transport model combines the macroscopic hydrodynamics approach with concept of queuing processes (thus belongs to the class of hand-calculation models). The realization of such process can be described by means of temporal evolution of the flow through individual bottlenecks and number of pedestrians in front of given bottleneck. These two state variables are used to compare the model prediction with experimental data from two original experiments. The commonly used approach of constant width-related bottleneck capacity cannot capture the observed decrease of flow caused by the loss of motivation while the room is getting empty. Therefore, the dynamical part of the bottleneck capacity derived from the slope of the temporal evolution of the crowd size has been introduced, in order to capture the phenomenon.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bukáček, M., Hrabák, P., Krbálek, M.: Experimental study of phase transition in pedestrian flow. In: Daamen, W., Duives, D.C., Hoogendoorn, S.P. (eds.) Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2014, Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 2, pp. 105–113. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.014
Candy, M.N., Chow, W.: A brief review on the time line concept in evacuation. Int. J. Archit. Sci. 7(1), 1–13 (2006)
Liao, W., Tordeux, A., Seyfried, A., Chraibi, M., Drzycimski, K., Zheng, X., Zhao, Y.: Measuring the steady state of pedestrian flow in bottleneck experiments. Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl. 461, 248–261 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2016.05.051
Porzycki, J., Hrabák, P., Bukáček, M., Was, J., Lubaś, R.: Data driven method of pedestrian flow estimation for evacuation scenario using queuing model. In: 23rd International Workshop of the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering, EG-ICE 2016 (2016)
Rogsch, C., Weigel, H., Klingsch, W.: Hand-Calculation Methods for Evacuation Calculation–Last Chance for an Old-Fashioned Approach or a Real Alternative to Microscopic Simulation Tools? pp. 523–528. Springer, Berlin (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04504-2_45
Schadschneider, A., Klingsch, W., Klüpfel, H., Kretz, T., Rogsch, C., Seyfried, A.: Evacuation Dynamics: Empirical Results, Modeling and Applications, pp. 3142–3176. Springer, New York (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_187
Schadschneider, A., Chowdhury, D., Nishinari, K.: Stochastic Transport in Complex Systems: From Molecules to Vehicles. Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52853-7.00016-6
Seyfried, A., Passon, O., Steffen, B., Boltes, M., Rupprecht, T., Klingsch, W.: New insights into pedestrian flow through bottlenecks. Transp. Sci. 43(3), 395–406 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.1090.0263
Steffen, B., Seyfried, A.: Methods for measuring pedestrian density, flow, speed and direction with minimal scatter. Phys. A Stat. Mech. Appl. 389(9), 1902–1910 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2009.12.015
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation under grant GA15-15049S and by the internal grant SGS15/214/OHK4/3T/14 of the Czech Technical University in Prague.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hrabák, P., Bukáček, M., Kielar, P.M., Borrmann, A. (2019). Pedestrian Flow Through Complex Infrastructure, Experiments, and Mass-Transport Processes. In: Hamdar, S. (eds) Traffic and Granular Flow '17. TGF 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11439-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11440-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)