Abstract
This chapter introduces a high emotion-low policy threshold (HELP) framework and reviews how emotions are seen to work together in the modern history of policy responses and can be applied to shark bites. It demonstrates how circumstances can present situations that distribute penalties to political actors when there is a high degree of emotion and salience based on the instinctual nature of the threat, intent-based causal story, and policy entrepreneurship. I suggest that political actors responded to these situations by addressing the political penalty, which usually involved redistributing public emotionality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Achen, C. H., & Bartels, L. M. (2012). Blind retrospection: Why shark attacks are bad for democracy. Working paper. Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, Vanderbilt University.
Bal, A. S., Archer-Brown, C., Robson, K., & Hall, D. E. (2013). Do good, goes bad, gets ugly: Kony 2012. Journal of Public Affairs, 13(2), 202–208.
Baumgartner, F. R., & Jones, B. D. (2009). Agendas and instability in American politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Baumgartner, F. R., & Leech, B. L. (2001). Interest niches and policy bandwagons: Patterns of interest group involvement in national politics. Journal of Politics, 63(4), 1191–1213.
Bergan, D. E. (2009). Does grassroots lobbying work? A field experiment measuring the effects of an e-mail lobbying campaign on legislative behavior. American Politics Research, 37(2), 327–352.
Birkland, T. A. (1998). Focusing events, mobilization, and agenda setting. Journal of Public Policy, 18(01), 53–74.
Botterill, L. C. (2013). Are policy entrepreneurs really decisive in achieving policy change? Drought policy in the USA and Australia. Australian Journal of Politics & History, 59(1), 97–112.
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brader, T. (2005). Striking a responsive chord: How political ads motivate and persuade voters by appealing to emotions. American Journal of Political Science, 49(2), 388–405.
Brändström, A., & Kuipers, S. (2003). From ‘normal incidents’ to political crises: Understanding the selective politicization of policy failures 1. Government and Opposition, 38(3), 279–305.
Brändström, A., Bynander, F., & t’Hart, P. (2004). Governing by looking back: Historical analogies and crisis management. Public Administration, 82(1), 191–210.
Brotheridge, C. M., & Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of ‘people work’. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(1), 17–39.
Crawford, S., & Ostrom, E. (1995). A grammar of institutions. American Political Science Review, 89(3), 582–600.
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Identity politics, intersectionality, and violence against women. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299.
Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ error: Emotion, rationality and the human brain. New York: Putnam.
De Martino, B., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain. Science, 313(5787), 684–687.
Decety, J., & Cacioppo, S. (2012). The speed of morality: A high-density electrical neuroimaging study. Journal of Neurophysiology, 108(11), 3068.
Douglas, M. (1985). Risk acceptability according to the social sciences (Vol. 11). New York: Russell Sage Foundation Publications.
Downs, A. (1972). Up and down with ecology: The issue-attention cycle. The Public Interest, 28, 38–50.
Drucker, P. F. (1985). Entrepreneurial strategies. California Management Review, 27(2), 9–25.
Druckman, J. N., & McDermott, R. (2008). Emotion and the framing of risky choice. Political Behaviour, 30(3), 297–321.
Gettleman, J. (2012). In vast jungle, US troops aid in search for Kony. New York Times.
Goode, E., & Ben-Yehuda, N. (1994). Moral panics: Culture, politics, and social construction. Annual Review of Sociology, 20(1), 149–171.
Gould, D. B. (2009). Moving politics: Emotion and act up’s fight against AIDS. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hochschild, A. (1983). The managed heart. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Jasper, J. M. (1998). The emotions of protest: Affective and reactive emotions in and around social movements. Sociological Forum, 13(3), 397–424. Kluwer Academic Publishers/Plenum Publishers.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). On the interpretation of intuitive probability: A reply to Jonathan Cohen. Cognition, 7(4), 409–411.
Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Boston: Little, Brown.
Lang, A. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of Communication, 50(1), 46–70.
Langbein, L. I., & Lotwis, M. A. (1990). The political efficacy of lobbying and money: Gun control in the US House, 1986. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 15(3), 413–440.
Lasswell, H. D. (1950). Politics: Who gets what, when, how. New York: P. Smith.
Linville, P. W., & Fischer, G. W. (1991). Preferences for separating or combining events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(1), 5.
Lodge, M., & Hood, C. (2002). Pavlovian policy responses to media feeding frenzies? Dangerous dogs regulation in comparative perspective. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 10(1), 1–13.
Lodge, M., & Taber, C. S. (2005). The automaticity of affect for political leaders, groups, and issues: An experimental test of the hot cognition hypothesis. Political Psychology, 26(3), 455–482.
Lupia, A., & Menning, J. O. (2009). When can politicians scare citizens into supporting bad policies? American Journal of Political Science, 53(1), 90–106.
Marcus, G. E. (2000). Emotions in politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 3(1), 221–250.
Marks, D. (1999). Dimensions of oppression: Theorising the embodied subject. Disability & Society, 14(5), 611–626.
McConnell, A. (2003). Overview: Crisis management, influences, responses and evaluation. Parliamentary Affairs, 56(3), 363–409.
McDermott, R., Fowler, J. H., & Smirnov, O. (2008). On the evolutionary origin of prospect theory preferences. Journal of Politics, 70(2), 335–350.
Mintrom, M., & Norman, P. (2009). Policy entrepreneurship and policy change. Policy Studies Journal, 37(4), 649–667.
Moseley, A., & Stoker, G. (2013). Nudging citizens? Prospects and pitfalls confronting a new heuristic. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 79, 4–10.
Neff, C. (2016). Emotional taxation lecture. Retrieved from University of Sydney GOVT 6159 Emotions, Agendas and Public Policy Blackboard site.
Obar, J. A., Zube, P., & Lampe, C. (2012). Advocacy 2.0: An analysis of how advocacy groups in the United States perceive and use social media as tools for facilitating civic engagement and collective action. Journal of Information Policy, 2, 1–25.
Ostrom, E. (1998). A behavioral approach to the rational choice theory of collective action: Presidential address, American Political Science Association, 1997. American Political Science Review, 92(01), 1–22.
Pepin-Neff, C. L., & Caporale, K. (2018). Funny evidence: Female comics are the new policy entrepreneurs. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 77, 554.
Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (1993). The advocacy coalition framework: Assessment, revisions, and implications for scholars and practitioners. In Policy change and learning: An advocacy coalition approach (pp. 211–236). Boulder: Westview Press.
Sabatier, P., Hunter, S., & McLaughlin, S. (1987). The devil shift: Perceptions and misperceptions of opponents. Western Political Quarterly, 40(3), 449–476.
SBS. (2014, August 4). Israel, Hamas agree on new 72-hour truce. SBS News. Available at: https://www.sbs.com.au/news/israel-hamas-agree-on-new-72-hour-truce
Schneider, A., & Ingram, H. (1993). Social construction of target populations: Implications for politics and policy. American Political Science Review, 87, 334–347.
Simon, A. (1996). Bounded rationality and organizational learning. Organizational Learning, 175, 188.
Stone, D. (1989). Causal stories and the formation of policy agendas. Political Science Quarterly, 104, 281–300.
Stone, D. (2006). Reframing the racial disparities issue for state governments. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 31(1), 127–152.
Sunstein, C. R. (2005). Laws of fear: Beyond the precautionary principle (Vol. 6). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sunstein, C. R. (2006). The availability heuristic, intuitive cost-benefit analysis, and climate change. Climatic Change, 77(1–2), 195–210.
Thaler, R., & Sunstein, C. (2008). Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. London: Penguin Books.
Tiplady, C. M., Walsh, D. A. B., & Phillips, C. J. (2013). Public response to media coverage of animal cruelty. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 26(4), 869–885.
True, J. L., Jones, B. D., & Baumgartner, F. R. (1999). Punctuated equilibrium theory. In Theories of the policy process (pp. 175–202). Boulder: Westview Press.
Vromen, A. (2008). Political change and the internet in Australia: Introducing GetUp. In T. Häyhtiö & J. Rinne (Eds.), Net working/networking: Citizen initiated internet politics (pp. 103–126). Tampere: Tampere University Press.
Waldorf, L. (2012). White noise: Hearing the disaster. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 4(3), 469–474.
Walker, J. L. (1991). Mobilizing interest groups in America: Patrons, professions, and social movements. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Weber, C. (2013). Emotions, campaigns, and political participation. Political Research Quarterly, 66(2), 414–428.
Weible, C. (2014). Introducing the scope and focus of policy process research and theory. In P. A. Sabatier & C. M. Weible (Eds.), Theories of the policy process. Boulder: Westview Press.
Wolfe, M. (2012). Putting on the brakes or pressing on the gas? Media attention and the speed of policymaking. Policy Studies Journal, 40(1), 109–126.
Zahariadis, N. (2007). The multiple streams framework: Structure, limitations, prospects. In P. A. Sabatier (Ed.), Theories of the policy process. Boulder: Westview Press.
Zajonc, R. B. (1984). On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist, 39(2), 117–123.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pepin-Neff, C.L. (2019). Governing Emotion: How to Analyze Emotional Political Situations. In: Flaws. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10976-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10976-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10975-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10976-9
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)