Abstract
Over the last four decades, there has been a major shift in the way demographers think about issues of gender; the field has gone from a seeming lack of awareness that many demographic events are closely connected to gender to a nearly required nod to the relevance of gender. However, although headway has been made, the last few decades have seen interest and attention to gender wax and wane. Drawing from mainstream demography, I demonstrate the progress that the field has made, both in understanding the importance of gender and in developing empirical support for the role of gender in demographic processes. By drawing from population-related research outside the strict confines of the field of demography, this chapter also suggests how demography might move further in understanding gender by drawing from the insights into epistemological and methodological challenges faced by scholars who study gender. I argue that demographers might productively both borrow from and contribute to these conversations about gender, enriching demography’s work on gender.
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Notes
- 1.
In his Presidential Address to the Population Association of America in the early 1990s, Richard Udry (1994) emphasized and attempted to trace the biological origins of some gender differences. This chapter will focus on gender as a social construction, even while recognizing the obvious biological influences on human behavior.
- 2.
Gender has been part of many analyses presented at PAA conferences but is not often an explicit organizing theme. After 2003, the subject “gender” was subsumed under a new heading: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender (and sometimes, as in 2008, interestingly, Race, Ethnicity, Gender and Religion).
- 3.
These panels are established by the IUSSP council, often after being proposed by members. They organize programs and work in the subject area of the panel. They are meant “to address an emerging or critical population issue or to develop and improve training and research in the population field. They consist of a small international group of high level experts” (IUSSP website (npn): https://iussp.org/en/what-are-iussp-scientific-panels)
- 4.
Other research has underscored the instability of measures of gendered power in other ways. Ghuman, et al. (2001), in analyzing data from five Asian countries, came to question the reliability and even validity of measures of autonomy; measures of women’s power to make economic decisions, their freedom of movement, their control over household resources, and attitudes about gender equality did not hold up to scrutiny across different societies, within communities nor even between wives and husbands.
- 5.
The authors argued that had they been able to control for other key variables such as race/ethnicity and income, the relationship would have been further weakened.
- 6.
- 7.
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Riley, N.E. (2019). 4 Demography of Gender. In: Poston, D.L. (eds) Handbook of Population. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10910-3_5
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