Abstract
This paper provides continuity for previous efforts on the integration of complementary lexicon-grammars to expand the paraphrastic capabilities of Port4NooJ, the Portuguese module of NooJ (Silberztein 2016). We describe the integration of the lexicon-grammar of 2,085 predicate nouns, which co-occur in constructions with the support verb ser de ‘be of’ in European Portuguese, such as in O Pedro é de uma coragem extraordinária ‘Peter is of an extraordinary courage’, studied, classified and formalized by Baptista (2005b). This led to a 20% increase in the number of predicate nouns. We also extended previously created paraphrasing grammars, such as the grammars that paraphrase symmetric predicates, as well as the grammars that handle the substitution of the support verb by another support verb. Furthermore, we created new grammars to paraphrase negative constructions, appropriate noun constructions, adjectival constructions, and manner sub-clauses. The paraphrastic capabilities acquired have been integrated in the eSPERTo system.
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Notes
- 1.
eSPERTo, which means ‘smart’ in Portuguese, stands for “System of Paraphrasing for Editing and Revision of Texts” (“Sistema de Parafraseamento para Edição e Revisão de Texto”).
- 2.
- 3.
The construction with fazer is not strictly a paraphrase of the construction with ser de, as the former only characterizes the human gesture, but not the human quality expressed by the constructions with ser de.
- 4.
Most of the predicates having this property express human qualities/attributes.
- 5.
As in Mota et al. (2017), the procedure allows to check whether words are compliant with the Portuguese Orthographic Agreement, but since all the words are pre-Agreement we are not using that feature and, hence, it is not described in the figure.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), under exploratory project eSPERTo (Ref. EXPL/MHC-LIN/2260/2013). Anabela Barreiro was also funded by FCT through post-doctoral grant SFRH/BPD/91446/2012. Jorge Baptista’s Ph.D. research has been funded by a scholarship under program Praxis XXI (2001–2004) and subsequent, more recent research, has been funded by the R&D Units Program (ref. UID/CEC/50021/2013). The authors would like to thank Max Silberztein for his prompt support and guidance with all matters related to NooJ.
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Mota, C., Baptista, J., Barreiro, A. (2019). The Lexicon-Grammar of Predicate Nouns with ser de in Port4NooJ. In: Mirto, I., Monteleone, M., Silberztein, M. (eds) Formalizing Natural Languages with NooJ 2018 and Its Natural Language Processing Applications. NooJ 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 987. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10868-7_12
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