Abstract
As older adults grow increasingly dependent on their adult children, family roles shift, and multiple unfamiliar demands are placed on caregivers, which puts older adults and caregivers at increased risk for mental illness. When older adults are able to overcome barriers to accessing mental health services (e.g. stigma), psychological therapies are effective when used on their own or in combination with psychotropic medication. This chapter describes a variety of psychological therapies for older adults coping with depression, anxiety, dementia/cognitively impaired disorders, and personality disorders. In addition, numerous resources are offered to help older adults and their family members clarify the necessary changes that must be made to cope with losses and preserve meaning and hope. The chapter highlights several ways to deliver care, including upskilling of existing primary care staff, stepped care, collaborative care, and referral to a mental health specialist in the community.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Forsman AK, Nordmyr J, Wahlbeck K. Psychosocial interventions for the promotion of mental health and the prevention of depression among older adults. Health Promot Int. 2011;26:85–107.
Givens J, et al. Older patients’ aversion to antidepressants: a qualitative study. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21:146–51.
Wilkinson P. Psychological treatments. In: Oxford textbook of old age psychiatry. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013.
Gallagher-Thompson D, Thompson L. Treating late-life depression: a cognitive-behavioural approach, therapist’s guide. New York: Oxford University Press; 2010.
Beekman AT, Copeland JR, Prince MJ. Review of community prevalence of depression in later life. Br J Psychiatry. 1999;174:307–11.
Bryant C, Jackson H, Ames D. The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: methodological issues and a review of the literature. J Affect Disord. 2008;109:233–50.
Prina AM, et al. Prevalence of anxiety and its correlates among older adults in Latin America, India and China: cross-cultural study. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;199:485–91.
Lam TP, et al. Proposed new diagnoses of anxious depression and bodily stress syndrome in ICD-11-PHC: an international focus group study. Fam Pract. 2013;30:76–87.
Löwe B, et al. Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: syndrome overlap and functional impairment. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2008;30:191–9.
Andreescu C, Reynolds CF. Late-life depression: evidence-based treatment and promising new directions for research and clinical practice. Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2011;34:335–55.
Miller MD, Morse J. Psychotherapeutic approaches for depression, cognitive impairment, and personality disorders in late-life. In: Geriatric psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press; 2013.
Ayers CR, et al. Evidence-based psychological treatments for late-life anxiety. Psychol Aging. 2007;22:8–17.
DeBerry S, Davis S, Reinhard KE. A comparison of meditation relaxation and cognitive/behavioural techniques for reducing anxiety and depression in a geriatric population. J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1989;22:231–47.
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Depression. The NICE guideline on the treatment and management of depression in adults (updated edition), National clinical practice guideline 90. London: British Psychological Society/Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2010.
New Zealand Guidelines Group. Identification of common mental disorders and management of depression in primary care. Wellington: New Zealand Guidelines Group; 2008.
Dowell A, Morris C, Dodds T, McLoughlin B. Psychological interventions in primary care mental health. In: Companion to primary care mental health. London: Radcliffe Publishing; 2012.
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health. Depression. The NICE guideline on the treatment and management of depression in adults (partial update of NICE clinical guideline 23), National clinical practice guideline 90. London: British Psychological Society/Royal College of Psychiatrists; 2009.
Bridle C. Effect of exercise on depression severity in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;201:180–5.
Mead N, et al. Effects of befriending on depressive symptoms and distress: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;196:96–101.
Kerse N, et al. Home-based activity program for older people with depressive symptoms (DeLLITE), a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med. 2010;8:214–23.
Grant RW, Casey DA. Adapting cognitive behavioural therapy for the frail elderly. Int Psychogeriatr. 1995;7:561–71.
Alexopoulos GS, et al. Problem solving therapy and supportive therapy in older adults with major depression and executive dysfunction. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:32–41.
Dowell AC, et al. Evaluation of the primary mental health initiatives: summary report. Wellington: University of Otago and Ministry of Health; 2009.
Gould RL, Coulson MC, Howard RJ. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in older people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:1817–30.
Gould RL, Coulson MC, Howard RJ. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in older people: a meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:218–29.
Weissman MM, Markowitz JC, Kierman GL. Comprehensive guide to interpersonal psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books; 2000.
Miller MD. Clinician’s guide to interpersonal psychotherapy in late-life: helping cognitively impaired or depressed elders and their care-givers. New York: Oxford University Press; 2009.
Serrano JP, et al. Life review therapy using autobiographical retrieval practice for older adults with depressive symptomatology. Psychol Aging. 2004;19:272–7.
Arean PA. Comparative effectiveness of social problem-solving therapy and reminiscence therapy as treatments for depression in older adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61:1003–10.
Lynch TR, Epstein DE, Smoski MJ. Individual and group psychotherapy. In: Clinical manual of geriatric psychiatry. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2014.
Hall GR, Buckwalker KC. Progressively lowered stress threshold: a conceptual model for care of adults with Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1987;1:399–406.
Gerdner LA, Buckwalter KC, Reed D. Impact of a psycho-educational intervention on caregiver response to behavioural problems. Nurs Res. 2002;51:363–74.
Abrams RC. Personality disorders in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1996;11:759–63.
Torgersen S, Kringlen E, Cramer V. The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:590–6.
Reiss D, Steinglass P, Howe G. The family’s organization around the illness. In: How do families cope with chronic illness? Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1993.
Gawande A. Being mortal. New York: Metropolitan Books; 2014.
Qualls S, Williams A. Caregiver family therapy: empowering families to meet the challenges of aging. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2013.
Gilbody S, et al. Collaborative care for depression: a cumulative meta-analysis and review of longer-term outcomes. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2314–21.
Unützer J, et al. Collaborative-care management of late-life depression in the primary care setting. J Am Med Assoc. 2002;288:2836–45.
Alexopoulos GS, et al. Reducing suicidal ideation and depression in older primary care patients: 24-month outcomes of the PROSPECT study. Am J Psychiatr. 2009;166:882–90.
Gallo JJ, et al. The effect of a primary care practice-based depression intervention on mortality in older adults: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:689–98.
Andrews G. http://www.australianageingagenda.com.au/2014/07/18/elderly-succeed-internet-depression-treatment/.
Dear BF, et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a feasibility open trial for older adults. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2013;47:169–76.
Alexander CL, et al. Bringing psychotherapy to primary care: innovations and challenges. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2010;17:191–214.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Edwards, T.M., Dowell, A., Clarke, D., Gangolli, V.R., Patterson, J.E. (2019). Psychological Interventions in Older Adults. In: de Mendonça Lima, C., Ivbijaro, G. (eds) Primary Care Mental Health in Older People. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10814-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10814-4_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10812-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10814-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)