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Anti-allergic Drugs

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Abstract

ALLERGY is defined as a disease following a response by the IMMUNE SYSTEM to an otherwise innocuous antigen. Allergic diseases include allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, systemic ANAPHYLAXIS, food ALLERGY, allergic ASTHMA and acute urticaria and are mediated by unwanted type-I HYPERSENSITIVITY reactions (see Chap. A9) to extrinsic ALLERGENS like pollen, house dust, animal dander, drugs and insect venom. These diseases are characterised by the production of IgE ANTIBODIES to the allergen that binds to the high-AFFINITY IgE RECEPTOR, FcεRI, on mast cells and BASOPHILS. Binding of allergen to IgE cross-links these RECEPTORS and causes the release of chemical mediators from MAST CELLS, leading to the development of a type-I HYPERSENSITIVITY reaction (Fig. 22.1). This acute response is often followed by a late and more sustained inflammatory response characterised by the recruitment of other EFFECTOR CELLS such as EOSINOPHILS and T helper type-2 (Th2) LYMPHOCYTES. Among the mainstays in the drug treatment of allergic INFLAMMATION, glucocorticosteroids remain the most potent inhibitors, and the reader is referred to Chap. C13 for detailed discussion of these drugs. The use of SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY in severe allergies is considered in Chap. C5. This present chapter focuses on anti-allergic drugs that specifically TARGET the activation of the mast cell or block the effects of its chemical mediators, in particular HISTAMINE.

Final manuscript submitted on February 01, 2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Eva M. Valesky

  2. Unilever Research & Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands

    Sue McKay

  3. Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands

    Antoon J. M. van Oosterhout

  4. Translational Drug Validation, Fraunhofer IME-TMP and Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Michael J. Parnham

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  1. Eva M. Valesky
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  2. Sue McKay
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  3. Antoon J. M. van Oosterhout
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Translational Drug Validation, Fraunhofer IME-TMP and Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Michael J. Parnham

  2. Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Frans P. Nijkamp

  3. The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Adriano G. Rossi

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Valesky, E.M., McKay, S., van Oosterhout, A.J.M., Parnham, M.J. (2019). Anti-allergic Drugs. In: Parnham, M., Nijkamp, F., Rossi, A. (eds) Nijkamp and Parnham's Principles of Immunopharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10811-3_22

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