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Nijkamp and Parnham's Principles of Immunopharmacology pp 327–368Cite as

Plasma-Derived Immunoglobulins

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Abstract

Plasma-derived immunoglobulins are key constituents of adaptive humoral immunity. Five isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE) with diverse effector functions are found in human plasma; together they ensure protection from infection. However, only one isotype, namely, IgG, has been developed into a pharmaceutical product. It is currently used for replacement therapy in primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders and for immunomodulatory therapy in autoimmune inflammatory diseases, especially of the nervous system and the skin. In replacement therapy the main function of IgG is to neutralise pathogens and thus prevent infections. In contrast, many diverse effector mechanisms of IgG cooperate to reduce inflammation in autoimmune diseases. The original routes for administration of IgG were intramuscular injection or slow subcutaneous infusion. Thereafter, intramuscular administration became the choice of therapy for patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) but showed significant issues with tolerability and systemic adverse events. Many improvements in purification processes and formulations now allow intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) applications with improved safety/tolerability, reduced adverse reaction profiles and increased convenience for patients. Current IVIG and SCIG products are very safe with regard to the risk of transmitting blood-borne infections; this is due to rigorous donor selection, plasma donation testing and various measures during manufacturing that ensure removal of pathogens.

Final manuscript submitted on June 25, 2019.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Toby Simon, CSL Behring LLC, King of Prussia, PA, USA, for his advice and assistance in the preparation of this book chapter. Editorial assistance was provided by Fishawack Communications GmbH, a member of the Fishawack Group of Companies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland

    Adrian W. Zuercher, Mel Berger, Reinhard Bolli, Cédric Vonarburg, Martin Spycher, Rolf Spirig, Christoph Kempf, Fabian Käsermann & Sylvia Miescher

  2. CSL Behring LLC, King of Prussia, PA, USA

    Mel Berger

  3. Global Clinical Safety and Pharmacovigilance, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany

    Amgad Shebl

  4. Departement für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Christoph Kempf

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    Michael J. Parnham

  2. Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Frans P. Nijkamp

  3. The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Adriano G. Rossi

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Zuercher, A.W. et al. (2019). Plasma-Derived Immunoglobulins. In: Parnham, M., Nijkamp, F., Rossi, A. (eds) Nijkamp and Parnham's Principles of Immunopharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10811-3_20

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