Abstract
People create Places, but can hardly distinguish Places from Space as the definition of Place is a complex integration of nature and culture manifested in physical terms, which has been developed and is still developing in particular locations. Places are linked by a flow of people and goods between them, and each of them has its attributes—altogether creating the Identity of Place. Proper respect of cultural and natural heritage values, along with adequate safeguarding and maintaining, will help in preserving the Identity of Place. The most effective tool a planer can use in managing and controlling the Place Identity and its valuable identity attributes is a clearly defined planning process that will result in setting clear and omni-understandable planning ordinances and proposed methodologies for conserving/preserving (protecting) the Identity of Place. This paper proposes possible planning steps that represent a planning model researched and developed within the HERU, scientific project, which could help achieve this goal. The planning process today is a multidisciplinary one, with professionals from different fields taking part. The planner’s role is to coordinate and combine all of their efforts within a single document (physical or urban plan), a document that will create a unique searchlight for the Place development. To make it possible and reach that planning model, all participants must speak the same (professional) language. We need something we all shall agree upon—a relevant glossary within a field that will be prepared by professionals, not by lawmakers.
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Notes
- 1.
Insiders versus Outsiders is one of the Ten Properties of Identity with Place revealed by Prof. Violich (1996).
- 2.
Place Appearance can be described as the pure visual experience of the Place, while the Place Identity consists of visible and invisible source elements of identity.
- 3.
(a) The idea of location, location as it relates to other things and places, is absolutely fundamental,
(b) Place involves an integration of elements of nature and culture; this undoubtedly implies that every place is a unique entity,
(c) Although the places are unique, they are interconnected by a system of spatial interactions and transfers, part of a frame of circulation,
(d) Places are part of larger areas and are the focuses in a system of localization,
(e) Places are emerging and becoming: with historical and cultural change, new elements are added, while some old disappear,
(f) Places have meaning: They are characterized by the beliefs of individuals.
- 4.
In landscape architecture, this borderline is very often defined as a borrowed landscape (Lipovac 2014).
- 5.
According to the Cultural Heritage Protection and Preservation Act from Croatia, this term encompasses the landscape or part thereof that comprises historic structures as a witness of human interaction with nature.
- 6.
Greenbelt policies were discussed for the first time in England, for the London area in the sixteenth century where the settlement was sprawling out onto agricultural lands.
- 7.
Authors of this paper are engaged in planning in the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Montenegro, and that is why relevant legal documents discussed here originate from these two countries.
- 8.
SPBA, article 2:
3. Development of regional spatial attributes and preservation of the Identity and recognition of the region;
5. Protection and the improvement of cultural goods and protected environment along with preservation of cultural values integrity and authenticity, creating conditions for sustainable usage of cultural goods and highly valuable built environment along with respect and development of specific attributes, integrity and values of natural and urban areas and ambient.
- 9.
CHPPA, article 56:
Physical Planning Documents (PPD), depending on the type and covered area, must include data from the Conservation Study, along with measurements for the protection of immovable cultural goods located within the plan boundary.
The Conservation Study (CS) has to be approved by the relevant Department and it must contain general and specific conditions for the protection and preservation of cultural goods within the plan boundary. In case that the Study has not been approved by the relevant Department, the Department itself shall be obliged to establish the measurements for the protection of immovable cultural goods located within the plan boundary.
The PPD may be adopted only if prior consent is issued by the relevant Department confirming that it is in accordance with the CS or the acknowledged protection measures stated in paragraph 2 of this Article. The relevant Department has to submit a written statement within 15 days, and if it fails to do so, it shall be considered that the consent has been issued.
- 10.
Nature Protection Act, articles 24–51; Environment Protection Act, articles 62–75.
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Acknowledgements
The research is part of the scientific project “Heritage Urbanism—Urban and Spatial Planning Models for Revival and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage.” It was financed by the Croatian Science Foundation [HRZZ-2032] and carried out at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Architecture.
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Lipovac, N., Nikolić, G., Popović, S., Gradečki, N. (2019). Planning as a Function of Preserving the Identity of Place. In: Obad Šćitaroci, M., Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci, B., Mrđa, A. (eds) Cultural Urban Heritage. The Urban Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10612-6_11
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