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Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biodiversity, Ecological Significance, and Industrial Applications

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Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Mycorrhizae (“fungus roots”) are mutualistic symbiotic associations between fungi and plants. Mycorrhizal association was found to be established between Ordovician and Devonian period. Mycorrhizal association is present in almost all ecosystems with a high degree of host specificity. About 40,000–50,000 fungal species form mycorrhizal association with nearly about 250,000 plant species. There are different types of mycorrhizal associations, namely, arbuscular mycorrhiza (71%), ectomycorrhiza (2%), orchid mycorrhiza (10%), ericoid mycorrhiza (1.4%), non-mycorrhizal association (7%), and habitat- and nutritional-dependent association (8%). These symbiotic associations play a key role in evolution of land plants in reducing and harsh environment at that time. These symbiotic associations provide up to 80% of N and P and also help in plant growth and fitness. There are a number of scientific evidences which have suggested that mycorrhizal fungi not only improve crop yield but also increase antioxidants, vitamins, and essential trace elements in plants. Additionally, various researchers around the globe have investigated the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on production of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, application of mycorrhizal fungi is presently reaching to an industrial stage supported by widespread applied researches and marketable applications emphasizing an eco-friendly and sustainable aspects.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, for providing financial assistance to carry out this study. Authors are also thankful to the head of Botany Department, University of Allahabad, for providing other facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sadasivan Mycopathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dheeraj Pandey, Harbans Kaur Kehri, Ifra Zoomi & Ovaid Akhtar

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Amit K. Singh

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  1. Dheeraj Pandey
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  2. Harbans Kaur Kehri
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  3. Ifra Zoomi
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  4. Ovaid Akhtar
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  5. Amit K. Singh
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ajar Nath Yadav

  2. QCQA Laboratory, Biotech Park, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shashank Mishra

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Sangram Singh

  4. Department of Biology, Sri Avadh Raj Singh Smarak Degree College, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arti Gupta

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Pandey, D., Kehri, H.K., Zoomi, I., Akhtar, O., Singh, A.K. (2019). Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biodiversity, Ecological Significance, and Industrial Applications. In: Yadav, A., Mishra, S., Singh, S., Gupta, A. (eds) Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10480-1_5

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