Skip to main content

Combining Voice and Face Content in the Primate Temporal Lobe

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 68))

Abstract

The interactions of many social animals critically depend on identifying other individuals to approach or avoid. Recognizing specific individuals requires extracting and integrating cross-sensory indexical cues from richly informative communication signals such as voice and face content. Knowledge on how the brain processes faces and voices as unisensory or multisensory signals has grown; neurobiological insights are now available not only from human neuroimaging data but also from comparative neuroimaging studies in nonhuman animals, which together identify the correspondences that can be made between brain processes in humans and other species. These advances have also had the added benefit of establishing animal models in which neuronal processes and pathways are interrogated at finer neurobiological scales than possible in humans. This chapter overviews the latest insights on neuronal representations of voice and face content, including information on sensory convergence sites and pathways that combine multisensory signals in the primate temporal lobe. The information synthesized here leads to a conceptual model whereby the sensory integration of voice and face content depends on temporal lobe convergence sites, which are a midway processing stage and a conduit between audiovisual sensory-processing streams and the frontal cortex.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Andics, A., Gácsi, M., Faragó, T., Kis, A., & Miklósi, Á. (2014). Voice-sensitive regions in the dog and human brain are revealed by comparative fMRI. Current Biology, 24(5), 574–578.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aparicio, P. L., Issa, E. B., & DiCarlo, J. J. (2016). Neurophysiological organization of the middle face patch in macaque inferior temporal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 36(50), 12729–12745.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bastos, A. M., Vezoli, J., Bosman, C. A., Schoffelen, J.-M., Oostenveld, R., Dowdall, J. R., De Weerd, P., Kennedy, H., & Fries, P. (2015). Visual areas exert feedforward and feedback influences through distinct frequency channels. Neuron, 85(2), 390–401.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchamp, M. S., Argall, B. D., Bodurka, J., Duyn, J. H., & Martin, A. (2004). Unraveling multisensory integration: Patchy organization within human STS multisensory cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 7(11), 1190–1192.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belin, P., & Zatorre, R. J. (2003). Adaptation to speaker’s voice in right anterior temporal lobe. Neuroreport, 14(16), 2105–2109.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belin, P., Zatorre, R. J., Lafaille, P., Ahad, P., & Pike, B. (2000). Voice-selective areas in human auditory cortex. Nature, 403(6767), 309–312.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belin, P., Fecteau, S., & Bedard, C. (2004). Thinking the voice: Neural correlates of voice perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(3), 129–135.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bendor, D., & Wang, X. (2007). Differential neural coding of acoustic flutter within primate auditory cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 10(6), 763–771.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benevento, L. A., Fallon, J., Davis, B. J., & Rezak, M. (1977). Auditory-visual interaction in single cells in the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus and the orbital frontal cortex of the macaque monkey. Experimental Neurology, 57(3), 849–872.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Binder, J. R., Desai, R. H., Graves, W. W., & Conant, L. L. (2009). Where is the semantic system? A critical review and meta-analysis of 120 functional neuroimaging studies. Cerebral Cortex, 19(12), 2767–2796.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bizley, J. K., Nodal, F. R., Bajo, V. M., Nelken, I., & King, A. J. (2007). Physiological and anatomical evidence for multisensory interactions in auditory cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 17(9), 2172–2189.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bizley, J. K., Walker, K. M. M., Silverman, B. W., King, A. J., & Schnupp, J. W. H. (2009). Interdependent encoding of pitch, timbre, and spatial location in auditory cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(7), 2064–2075.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bizley, J. K., Jones, G. P., & Town, S. M. (2016). Where are multisensory signals combined for perceptual decision-making? Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 40, 31–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blank, H., Anwander, A., & von Kriegstein, K. (2011). Direct structural connections between voice-and face-recognition areas. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(36), 12906–12915.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, P. A. (2004). The nose knows who’s who: Chemosensory individuality and mate recognition in mice. Hormones and Behavior, 46(3), 231–240.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986). Understanding face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 77, 305–327.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, C., Desimone, R., & Gross, C. G. (1981). Visual properties of neurons in a polysensory area in superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology, 46(2), 369–384.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Budinger, E., Heil, P., Hess, A., & Scheich, H. (2006). Multisensory processing via early cortical stages: Connections of the primary auditory cortical field with other sensory systems. Neuroscience, 143(4), 1065–1083.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Campanella, S., & Belin, P. (2007). Integrating face and voice in person perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(12), 535–543.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cappe, C., & Barone, P. (2005). Heteromodal connections supporting multisensory integration at low levels of cortical processing in the monkey. European Journal of Neuroscience, 22(11), 2886–2902.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, A. M., Baker, J. M., Eskandar, E., Schomer, D., Ulbert, I., Marinkovic, K., Cash, S. S., & Halgren, E. (2011). First-pass selectivity for semantic categories in human anteroventral temporal lobe. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(49), 18119–18129.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekaran, C., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2009). Different neural frequency bands integrate faces and voices differently in the superior temporal sulcus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101(2), 773–788.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekaran, C., Trubanova, A., Stillittano, S., Caplier, A., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2009). The natural statistics of audiovisual speech. PLoS Computational Biology, 5(7), e1000436.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, A., Gu, Y., Liu, S., DeAngelis, G. C., & Angelaki, D. E. (2016). Evidence for a causal contribution of macaque vestibular, but not intraparietal, cortex to heading perception. The Journal of Neuroscience, 36(13), 3789–3798.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L., Rothschild, G., & Mizrahi, A. (2011). Multisensory integration of natural odors and sounds in the auditory cortex. Neuron, 72(2), 357–369.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Creutzfeldt, O., Hellweg, F. C., & Schreiner, C. (1980). Thalamocortical transformation of responses to complex auditory stimuli. Experimental Brain Research, 39(1), 87–104.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, C. D., Logothetis, N. K., & Kayser, C. (2009). Spatial organization of multisensory responses in temporal association cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(38), 11924–11932.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, C. D., Logothetis, N. K., & Kayser, C. (2010). Modulation of visual responses in the superior temporal sulcus by audio-visual congruency. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 4, 10.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A. R. (1989). The brain binds entities and events by multiregional activation from convergence zones. Neural Computation, 1(1), 123–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fecteau, S., Armony, J. L., Joanette, Y., & Belin, P. (2004). Is voice processing species-specific in human auditory cortex? An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 23(3), 840–848.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fecteau, S., Armony, J. L., Joanette, Y., & Belin, P. (2005). Sensitivity to voice in human prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94(3), 2251–2254.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fetsch, C. R., Pouget, A., DeAngelis, G. C., & Angelaki, D. E. (2012). Neural correlates of reliability-based cue weighting during multisensory integration. Nature Neuroscience, 15(1), 146–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitch, W. T. (2000). The evolution of speech: A comparative review. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(7), 258–267.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Formisano, E., De Martino, F., Bonte, M., & Goebel, R. (2008). “Who” is saying “what”? Brain-based decoding of human voice and speech. Science, 322(5903), 970–973.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freiwald, W. A., & Tsao, D. Y. (2010). Functional compartmentalization and viewpoint generalization within the macaque face-processing system. Science, 330(6005), 845–851.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Frey, S., Kostopoulos, P., & Petrides, M. (2004). Orbitofrontal contribution to auditory encoding. NeuroImage, 22(3), 1384–1389.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galaburda, A. M., & Pandya, D. N. (1983). The intrinsic architectonic and connectional organization of the superior temporal region of the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 221(2), 169–184.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazanfar, A. A., & Schroeder, C. E. (2006). Is neocortex essentially multisensory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(6), 278–285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazanfar, A. A., & Takahashi, D. Y. (2014). The evolution of speech: Vision, rhythm, cooperation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(10), 543–553.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazanfar, A. A., Maier, J. X., Hoffman, K. L., & Logothetis, N. K. (2005). Multisensory integration of dynamic faces and voices in rhesus monkey auditory cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 25(20), 5004–5012.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ghitza, O. (2011). Linking speech perception and neurophysiology: Speech decoding guided by cascaded oscillators locked to the input rhythm. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 130.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gifford, G. W., 3rd, MacLean, K. A., Hauser, M. D., & Cohen, Y. E. (2005). The neurophysiology of functionally meaningful categories: Macaque ventrolateral prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in spontaneous categorization of species-specific vocalizations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(9), 1471–1482.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giraud, A. L., & Poeppel, D. (2012). Cortical oscillations and speech processing: Emerging computational principles and operations. Nature Neuroscience, 15(4), 511–517.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gire, D. H., Whitesell, J. D., Doucette, W., & Restrepo, D. (2013). Information for decision-making and stimulus identification is multiplexed in sensory cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 16(8), 991–993.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, T. D., Warren, J. D., Scott, S. K., Nelken, I., & King, A. J. (2004). Cortical processing of complex sound: A way forward? Trends in Neurosciences, 27(4), 181–185.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J., Hoogenboom, N., Thut, G., Schyns, P., Panzeri, S., Belin, P., & Garrod, S. (2013). Speech rhythms and multiplexed oscillatory sensory coding in the human brain. PLoS Biology, 11(12), e1001752.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, T. A., Stepniewska, I., & Kaas, J. H. (1998). Subdivisions of auditory cortex and ipsilateral cortical connections of the parabelt auditory cortex in macaque monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 394(4), 475–495.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasselmo, M. E., Rolls, E. T., & Baylis, G. C. (1989). The role of expression and identity in the face-selective responses of neurons in the temporal visual cortex of the monkey. Behavioural Brain Research, 32(3), 203–218.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry, M. J., & Obleser, J. (2012). Frequency modulation entrains slow neural oscillations and optimizes human listening behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(49), 20095–20100.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hickok, G., & Poeppel, D. (2007). The cortical organization of speech processing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(5), 393–402.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaas, J. H., & Hackett, T. A. (1998). Subdivisions of auditory cortex and levels of processing in primates. Audiology and Neuro-Otology, 3(2-3), 73–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaas, J. H., & Hackett, T. A. (2000). Subdivisions of auditory cortex and processing streams in primates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(22), 11793–11799.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kadohisa, M., & Wilson, D. A. (2006). Separate encoding of identity and similarity of complex familiar odors in piriform cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(41), 15206–15211.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 4302–4311.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kayser, C., Petkov, C. I., & Logothetis, N. K. (2008). Visual modulation of neurons in auditory cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 18(7), 1560–1574.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keil, J., Muller, N., Hartmann, T., & Weisz, N. (2014). Prestimulus beta power and phase synchrony influence the sound-induced flash illusion. Cerebral Cortex, 24(5), 1278–1288.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, Y., Horwitz, B., & Mishkin, M. (2010). Hierarchical auditory processing directed rostrally along the monkey’s supratemporal plane. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(39), 13021–13030.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • King, A. J., & Nelken, I. (2009). Unraveling the principles of auditory cortical processing: Can we learn from the visual system? Nature Neuroscience, 12(6), 698–701.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kriegeskorte, N., Formisano, E., Sorger, B., & Goebel, R. (2007). Individual faces elicit distinct response patterns in human anterior temporal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(51), 20600–20605.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lakatos, P., Chen, C. M., O’Connell, M. N., Mills, A., & Schroeder, C. E. (2007). Neuronal oscillations and multisensory interaction in primary auditory cortex. Neuron, 53(2), 279–292.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Logothetis, N. K., Guggenberger, H., Peled, S., & Pauls, J. (1999). Functional imaging of the monkey brain. Nature Neuroscience, 2(6), 555–562.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui, T., Tamura, K., Koyano, K. W., Takeuchi, D., Adachi, Y., Osada, T., & Miyashita, Y. (2011). Direct comparison of spontaneous functional connectivity and effective connectivity measured by intracortical microstimulation: An fMRI study in macaque monkeys. Cerebral Cortex, 21(10), 2348–2356.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath, M., & Summerfield, Q. (1985). Intermodal timing relations and audio-visual speech recognition by normal-hearing adults. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 77(2), 678–685.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McLaren, D. G., Kosmatka, K. J., Oakes, T. R., Kroenke, C. D., Kohama, S. G., Matochik, J. A., Ingram, D. K., & Johnson, S. C. (2009). A population-average MRI-based atlas collection of the rhesus macaque. NeuroImage, 45(1), 52–59.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mercier, M. R., Foxe, J. J., Fiebelkorn, I. C., Butler, J. S., Schwartz, T. H., & Molholm, S. (2013). Auditory-driven phase reset in visual cortex: Human electrocorticography reveals mechanisms of early multisensory integration. NeuroImage, 79, 19–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. T., & Cohen, Y. E. (2010). Vocalizations as auditory objects: Behavior and neurophysiology. In M. L. Platt & A. A. Ghazanfar (Eds.), Primate neuroethology (pp. 237–255). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mizrahi, A., Shalev, A., & Nelken, I. (2014). Single neuron and population coding of natural sounds in auditory cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 24, 103–110.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morin, E. L., Hadj-Bouziane, F., Stokes, M., Ungerleider, L. G., & Bell, A. H. (2014). Hierarchical encoding of social cues in primate inferior temporal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 25(9), 3036–3045.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Okabe, S., Nagasawa, M., Kihara, T., Kato, M., Harada, T., Koshida, N., Mogi, K., & Kikusui, T. (2013). Pup odor and ultrasonic vocalizations synergistically stimulate maternal attention in mice. Behavioural Neuroscience, 127(3), 432–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osmanski, M. S., & Wang, X. (2015). Behavioral dependence of auditory cortical responses. Brain Topography, 28(3), 365–378.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pandya, D. N., Hallett, M., & Kmukherjee, S. K. (1969). Intra- and interhemispheric connections of the neocortical auditory system in the rhesus monkey. Brain Research, 14(1), 49–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perrett, D. I., Rolls, E. T., & Caan, W. (1982). Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 47(3), 329–342.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perrodin, C., Kayser, C., Logothetis, N. K., & Petkov, C. I. (2011). Voice cells in the primate temporal lobe. Current Biology, 21(16), 1408–1415.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perrodin, C., Kayser, C., Logothetis, N. K., & Petkov, C. I. (2014). Auditory and visual modulation of temporal lobe neurons in voice-sensitive and association cortices. The Journal of Neuroscience, 34(7), 2524–2537.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Perrodin, C., Kayser, C., Logothetis, N. K., & Petkov, C. I. (2015a). Natural asynchronies in audiovisual communication signals regulate neuronal multisensory interactions in voice-sensitive cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(1), 273–278.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perrodin, C., Kayser, C., Abel, T. J., Logothetis, N. K., & Petkov, C. I. (2015b). Who is that? Brain networks and mechanisms for identifying individuals. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 19(12), 783–796.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Petkov, C. I., Kayser, C., Steudel, T., Whittingstall, K., Augath, M., & Logothetis, N. K. (2008). A voice region in the monkey brain. Nature Neuroscience, 11(3), 367–374.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petkov, C. I., Kikuchi, Y., Milne, A. E., Mishkin, M., Rauschecker, J. P., & Logothetis, N. K. (2015). Different forms of effective connectivity in primate frontotemporal pathways. Nature Communications, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7000.

  • Petrides, M., & Pandya, D. N. (1988). Association fiber pathways to the frontal cortex from the superior temporal region in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 273(1), 52–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plakke, B., & Romanski, L. M. (2014). Auditory connections and functions of prefrontal cortex. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, 199.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Plakke, B., Diltz, M. D., & Romanski, L. M. (2013). Coding of vocalizations by single neurons in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Hearing Research, 305, 135–143.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rauschecker, J. P. (1998). Parallel processing in the auditory cortex of primates. Audiology and Neurotology, 3(2-3), 86–103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rauschecker, J. P., & Tian, B. (2000). Mechanisms and streams for processing of “what” and “where” in auditory cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, 11800–11806.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Recanzone, G. H. (2008). Representation of con-specific vocalizations in the core and belt areas of the auditory cortex in the alert macaque monkey. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(49), 13184–13193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Remedios, R., Logothetis, N. K., & Kayser, C. (2009). An auditory region in the primate insular cortex responding preferentially to vocal communication sounds. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29(4), 1034–1045.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Romanski, L. M. (2007). Representation and integration of auditory and visual stimuli in the primate ventral lateral prefrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 17(Suppl. 1), i61–i69.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romanski, L. M. (2012). Integration of faces and vocalizations in ventral prefrontal cortex: Implications for the evolution of audiovisual speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(Suppl. 1), 10717–10724.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Romanski, L. M., Bates, J. F., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1999a). Auditory belt and parabelt projections to the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 403(2), 141–157.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romanski, L. M., Tian, B., Fritz, J., Mishkin, M., Goldman-Rakic, P. S., & Rauschecker, J. P. (1999b). Dual streams of auditory afferents target multiple domains in the primate prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 2(12), 1131–1136.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Romanski, L. M., Averbeck, B. B., & Diltz, M. (2005). Neural representation of vocalizations in the primate ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 93(2), 734–747.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russ, B. E., Ackelson, A. L., Baker, A. E., & Cohen, Y. E. (2008). Coding of auditory-stimulus identity in the auditory non-spatial processing stream. Journal of Neurophysiology, 99(1), 87–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sadagopan, S., Temiz-Karayol, N. Z., & Voss, H. U. (2015). High-field functional magnetic resonance imaging of vocalization processing in marmosets. Scientific Reports, 5, 10950.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Saleem, K. S., & Logothetis, N. K. (2007). A combined MRI and histology: Atlas of the rhesus monkey brain in stereotaxic coordinates. London: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. E., & Foxe, J. J. (2002). The timing and laminar profile of converging inputs to multisensory areas of the macaque neocortex. Cognitive Brain Research, 14(1), 187–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. E., Smiley, J., Fu, K. G., McGinnis, T., O'Connell, M. N., & Hackett, T. A. (2003). Anatomical mechanisms and functional implications of multisensory convergence in early cortical processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 50(1-2), 5–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. E., Lakatos, P., Kajikawa, Y., Partan, S., & Puce, A. (2008). Neuronal oscillations and visual amplification of speech. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(3), 106–113.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, B., & Pandya, D. N. (1989). Frontal lobe connections of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 281(1), 97–113.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, B., & Pandya, D. N. (1994). Parietal, temporal, and occipital projections to cortex of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey: A retrograde tracer study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 343(3), 445–463.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sergent, J., Ohta, S., & MacDonald, B. (1992). Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. A positron emission tomography study. Brain, 115(1), 15–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seyfarth, R. M., & Cheney, D. L. (2014). The evolution of language from social cognition. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 28, 5–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slutsky, D. A., & Recanzone, G. H. (2001). Temporal and spatial dependency of the ventriloquism effect. Neuroreport, 12(1), 7–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. R., & Patterson, R. D. (2005). The interaction of glottal-pulse rate and vocal-tract length in judgements of speaker size, sex, and age. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118(5), 3177–3186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, B. E., & Stanford, T. R. (2008). Multisensory integration: Current issues from the perspective of the single neuron. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(4), 255–266.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, A., Henry, M. J., Scharinger, M., & Obleser, J. (2015). Alpha phase determines successful lexical decision in noise. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(7), 3256–3262.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sugihara, T., Diltz, M. D., Averbeck, B. B., & Romanski, L. M. (2006). Integration of auditory and visual communication information in the primate ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26(43), 11138–11147.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ten Oever, S., & Sack, A. T. (2015). Oscillatory phase shapes syllable perception. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(52), 15833–15837.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorne, J. D., & Debener, S. (2014). Look now and hear what's coming: On the functional role of cross-modal phase reset. Hearing Research, 307, 144–152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thut, G., Miniussi, C., & Gross, J. (2012). The functional importance of rhythmic activity in the brain. Current Biology, 22(16), R658–R663.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, B., Reser, D., Durham, A., Kustov, A., & Rauschecker, J. P. (2001). Functional specialization in rhesus monkey auditory cortex. Science, 292(5515), 290–293.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsao, D. Y., & Livingstone, M. S. (2008). Mechanisms of face perception. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 31, 411–437.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tsao, D. Y., Freiwald, W. A., Tootell, R. B., & Livingstone, M. S. (2006). A cortical region consisting entirely of face-selective cells. Science, 311(5761), 670–674.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tsao, D. Y., Schweers, N., Moeller, S., & Freiwald, W. A. (2008). Patches of face-selective cortex in the macaque frontal lobe. Nature Neuroscience, 11(8), 877–879.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Turesson, H. K., Logothetis, N. K., & Hoffman, K. L. (2012). Category-selective phase coding in the superior temporal sulcus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(47), 19438–19443.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • van Atteveldt, N., Murray, M. M., Thut, G., & Schroeder, C. E. (2014). Multisensory integration: Flexible use of general operations. Neuron, 81(6), 1240–1253.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Kriegstein, K., Eger, E., Kleinschmidt, A., & Giraud, A. L. (2003). Modulation of neural responses to speech by directing attention to voices or verbal content. Cognitive Brain Research, 17(1), 48–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Kriegstein, K., Kleinschmidt, A., Sterzer, P., & Giraud, A. L. (2005). Interaction of face and voice areas during speaker recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(3), 367–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, K. M., Bizley, J. K., King, A. J., & Schnupp, J. W. (2011). Multiplexed and robust representations of sound features in auditory cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(41), 14565–14576.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, R., Latinus, M., Charest, I., Crabbe, F., & Belin, P. (2014). People-selectivity, audiovisual integration and heteromodality in the superior temporal sulcus. Cortex, 50, 125–136.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, S., & Noppeney, U. (2010). Distinct functional contributions of primary sensory and association areas to audiovisual integration in object categorization. The Journal of Neuroscience, 30(7), 2662–2675.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yau, J. M., Deangelis, G. C., & Angelaki, D. E. (2015). Dissecting neural circuits for multisensory integration and crossmodal processing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 370(1677), 20140203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Christoph Kayser and Nikos Logothetis for useful discussion, support, and encouragement. This work was supported by the Max Planck Society, Wellcome Trust Investigator Award WT092606AIA to Christopher I. Petkov, Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship 110238/Z/15/Z to Catherine Perrodin, the European Research Council to Christopher I. Petkov (MECHIDENT), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/J009849/1 to Christopher I. Petkov jointly with Q. Vuong.

Compliance with Ethics Requirements

Catherine Perrodin declares that she has no conflict of interest.Christopher I. Petkov declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher I. Petkov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Perrodin, C., Petkov, C.I. (2019). Combining Voice and Face Content in the Primate Temporal Lobe. In: Lee, A., Wallace, M., Coffin, A., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Multisensory Processes. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 68. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10461-0_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics