Abstract
Gain of experience by learning only in the operating room is no longer relevant. Like surgery itself, training had to evolve and adapt to new challenges. Acquisition of knowledge and the preparation of the trainee is an active phase. Virtual reality, box trainers, animal and cadaveric models are means to reach an adequate skill level and be able to manage situations in patient with sufficient safety. Surgical technique must finally be fully acquired with during the interventions with an expert surgeon who will be able to make the necessary corrections and feedbacks. A clear training curriculum must be implemented in each colorectal surgery program. It should be used to validate the transition to a higher step and standardize the surgical practice.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Jacobs M, Verdeja JC, Goldstein HS. Minimally invasive colon resection (laparoscopic colectomy). Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1991;1:144–50.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. NICE technology appraisal guidance TA105. 2006. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta10.
Health and Social Care Information Centre. National Bowel Cancer Audit Progress Report. Tripartite Colorectal Meeting, Birmingham. 2014. http://www.hscic.gov.uk/bowel.
Satava RM. Virtual reality surgical simulator. The first steps. Surg Endosc. 1993;7:203.
Nagendran M, Gurusamy KS, Aggarwal R, Loizidou M, Davidson BR. Virtual reality training for surgical trainees in laparoscopic surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(8):CD006575.
Grantcharov TP, Funch-Jensen P. Can everyone achieve proficiency with the laparoscopic technique? Learning curve patterns in technical skills acquisition. Am J Surg. 2009;197(4):447–9.
Gurusamy KS, Nagendran M, Toon CD, Davidson BR. Laparoscopic surgical box model training for surgical trainees with limited prior laparoscopic experience. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(3):CD010478. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010478.pub2.
Böhm B, Milsom JW. Animal models as educational tools in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc. 1994;8(6):707–13.
Willaert W, Van De Putte D, Van Renterghem K, Van Nieuwenhove Y, Ceelen W, Pattyn P. Training models in laparoscopy: a systematic review comparing their effectiveness in learning surgical skills. Acta Chir Belg. 2013;113:77–95.
Leblanc F, Champagne BJ, Augestad KM, et al. A comparison of human cadaver and augmented reality simulator models for straight laparoscopic colorectal skills acquisition training. J Am Coll Surg. 2010;211:250–5.
Leblanc F, Senagore AJ, Ellis CN, et al. Hand-assisted laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy skills acquisition: augmented reality simulator versus human cadaver training models. J Surg Educ. 2010;67:200–4.
Miskovic D, Wyles SM, Ni M, Darzi AW, Hanna GB. Systematic review on mentoring and simulation in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Ann Surg. 2010;252:943–51.
Ansell J, Goddard S, Gupta V, Warren N, Williams G, Haray P, Appleton B, Phillips S, Torkington J. A new ex vivo animal simulation model for skills training in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Bull R Coll Surgeons Engl. 2014;96(4):122–4.
Mackenzie H, Miskovic D, Ni M, et al. Risk prediction score in laparoscopic colorectal surgery training. Ann Surg. 2015;261:338–44.
Ogiso S, Yamaguchi T, Fukuda M, et al. Laparoscopic resection for sigmoid and rectosigmoid colon cancer performed by trainees: impact on short-term outcomes and selection of suitable patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012;27:1215–22.
Miskovic D, Ni M, Wyles SM, Tekkis P, Hanna GB. Learning curve and case selection in laparoscopic colorectal surgery: systematic review and international multicenter analysis of 4852 cases. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55(12):1300–10. (learning Curve).
Hemandas A, Flashman K, Farrow J, et al. Modular training in laparoscopic colorectal surgery maximizes training opportunities without clinical compromise. World J Surg. 2011;35:409–14.
Mackenzie H, Miskovic D, Ni M, et al. Clinical and educational proficiency gain of supervised laparoscopic colorectal surgical trainees. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:2704–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-013-2806-x.
de Montbrun S, Roberts PL, Satterthwaite L, MacRae H. Implementing and evaluating a national certification technical skills examination. Ann Surg. 2016;264:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000001620.
de Montbrun SL, Roberts PL, Lowry AC, et al. A novel approach to assessing technical competence of colorectal surgery residents: the development and evaluation of the Colorectal Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill (COSATS). Ann Surg. 2013;258:1001–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e31829b32b8.
Miskovic D, Ni M, Wyles SM, Parvaiz A, Hanna GB. Observational clinical human reliability analysis (OCHRA) for competency assessment in laparoscopic colorectal surgery at the specialist level. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:796–803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-1955-z.
Hemandas A, Flashman KG, Farrow J, O’Leary DP, Parvaiz A. Modular training in laparoscopic colorectal surgery maximizes training opportunities without clinical compromise. World J Surg. 2011;35:409–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-010-0837-1.
Kelly M, Bhangu A, Singh P. Systematic review and meta-analysis of trainee- versus expert surgeon-performed colorectal resection. Br J Surg. 2014;101:750–9.
Buchs NC. Training in robotic general surgery: the next challenge. Adv Robot Autom. 2012;1:1.
Disbrow DE, Pannell SM, Shanker BA, et al. The effect of formal robotic residency training on the adoption of minimally invasive surgery by young colorectal surgeons. J Surg Educ. 2018;75(3):767–78.
Buchs NC, Pugin F, Volonté F, et al. Learning tools and simulation in robotic surgery: state of the art. World J Surg. 2013;37(12):2812–9.
Pernar LIM, Robertson FC, Tavakkoli A, et al. An appraisal of the learning curve in robotic general surgery. Surg Endosc. 2017;31(11):4583–96.
Sian TS, Tierney GM, Park H, et al. Robotic colorectal surgery: previous laparoscopic colorectal experience is not essential. J Robot Surg. 2018;12(2):271–5.
Raimondi P, Marchegiani F, Cieri M, et al. Is right colectomy a complete learning procedure for a robotic surgical program? J Robot Surg. 2018;12(1):147–55.
Heald RJ, Husband EM, Ryall RDH, et al. The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery, the clue to pelvic recurrence? Br J Surg. 1982;69(10):613–6.
Francis N, Penna M, Mackenzie H, et al. Consensus on structured training curriculum for transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME). Surg Endosc. 2017;31(7):2711–9.
Penna M, Whiteford M, Hompes R, et al. Developing and assessing a cadaveric training model for transanal total mesorectal excision: initial experience in the UK and USA. Colorectal Dis. 2017;19(5):476–84.
Adamina M, Buchs NC, Penna M, et al. St.Gallen consensus on safe implementation of transanal total mesorectal excision. Surg Endosc. 2018;32(3):1091–103.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chevallay, M., Vitali, G.C., Buchs, N.C., Ris, F. (2019). Training Curriculum for Colorectal Cancer Surgery. In: de'Angelis, N., Di Saverio, S., Brunetti, F. (eds) Emergency Surgical Management of Colorectal Cancer. Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06225-5_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06225-5_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-06224-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-06225-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)