Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Promoting Healthy Aging Through Recognition and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in Older Adults

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Healthy Aging

  • 2135 Accesses

Abstract

Depression, anxiety, and substance-related and addictive disorders undermine healthy aging. Despite the stigma associated with being older, healthy aging has recently been the focus of research and a topic of media coverage. Interventions intended to assist with healthy aging are geared toward modifying risk factors for medical and psychiatric illnesses. These include increasing the amount of physical activity, decreasing alcohol consumption, maintaining social connections, and smoking cessation. The differential diagnosis of depression in older adults includes medical illnesses, dementia, and psychiatric problems such as bereavement and the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Depression symptoms in older adults may go unrecognized due to the false idea that developing depression symptoms represents normal aging. Unlike depression, anxiety disorders in older adults may not appear the same as in younger cohorts. Anxious older adults are more likely to report somatic complaints rather than psychological distress. Substance-related and addictive disorders are yet another source of preventable suffering in older individuals that may be overlooked by clinicians due to age-related biases. The first step in the evaluation of older adults with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and substance-related and addictive disorders is conducting a careful investigation of possible underlying medical conditions which could be causing the symptoms. Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are the first-line treatments for all of these disorders.

This work was completed at the University of California, San Diego, in San Diego, CA. No research funding was received for research for this article, and the authors have no disclosures to report.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Adams WL, Barry KL, Fleming MF. Screening for problem drinking in older primary care patients. JAMA. 1996;276(24):1964–196. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540240042028.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Adams KB, Sanders S, Auth EA. Loneliness and depression in independent living retirement communities: risk and resilience factors. Aging Ment Health. 2004;8:475–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Alexopoulos GS. Vascular depression hypothesis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54:915.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Alexopoulos GS, Morimoto SS. The inflammation hypothesis in geriatric depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011;26:1109–18.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2015 updated Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63:2227–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. Baldwin D, Woods R, Lawson R, Taylor D. Efficacy of drug treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011;342:d1199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Bamidis P, Vivas A, Styliadis C, Frantzidis C, Klados M, Schlee W, Siountas A, Papageorgiou S. A review of physical and cognitive interventions in aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;44:206–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Beck J, Stanley MA, Zebb BJ. Characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: a descriptive study. Behav Res Ther. 1996;34:225–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Beekman AT, Beurs ED, Balkom AJV, Deeg DJ, Dyck RV, Tilburg WV. Anxiety and depression in later life: co-occurrence and communality of risk factors. Am J Psychiatr. 2000;157:89–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Blake H, Mo P, Malik S, Thomas S. How effective are physical activity interventions for alleviating depressive symptoms in older people? A systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23:873–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Blazer DG, Hybels CF. Origins of depression in later life. Psychol Med. 2005;35:1241.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bogunovic OJ, Greenfield SF. Practical geriatrics: use of benzodiazepines among elderly patients. Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55:233–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bower ES, Wetherell JL, Mon T, Lenze EJ. Treating anxiety disorders in older adults. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015;23:329–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Brenes GA, Guralnik JM, Williamson JD, Fried LP, Simpson C, Simonsick EM, Penninx BWJH. The influence of anxiety on the progression of disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:34–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Brennan PL, Nichol AC, Moos RH. Older and younger patients with substance use disorders: outpatient mental health service use and functioning over a 12-month interval. Psychol Addict Behav. 2003;17(1):42–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Brodaty H, Hickie I, Mason C, Prenter L. A prospective follow-up study of ECT outcome in older depressed patients. J Affect Disord. 2000;60:101–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bruce ML. Psychosocial risk factors for depressive disorders in late life. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;52:175–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bruce ML, Have TRT, Reynolds CF III, Katz II, Schulberg HC, Mulsant BH, Brown GK, Mcavay GJ, Pearson JL, Alexopoulos GS. Reducing suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in depressed older primary care patients. JAMA. 2004;291:1081.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Byers AL, Yaffe K. Depression and risk of developing dementia. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7:323–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC, Kalil A, et al. Happiness and the invisible threads of social connection. In: Eid M, Larsen RJ, editors. The science of subjective well-being. New York: The Guilford Press; 2008. p. 195–219.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Canuto A, Weber K, Baetschi M, et al. Anxiety disorders in old age: psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and prevalence according to age, gender, and country. Am J Psychiatr. 2018;26:174–85.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance abuse among older adults: Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 26. Rockville: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Charles ST, Reynolds CA, Gatz M. Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001;80:136–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Chessick CA, Allen MH, Thase ME, Angelo ABC Batista Miralha da Cunha, Kapczinski F, Lima MSD, Souza JJDS. Azapirones for generalized anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006115.

  27. Cole MG, Dendukuri N. Risk factors for depression among community subjects: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160:1147–56.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Comijs HC, Nieuwesteeg J, Kok R, Marwijk HWV, Mast RCVD, Naarding P, Voshaar RCO, Verhaak P, Waal MWD, Stek ML. The two-year course of late-life depression; results from the Netherlands study of depression in older persons. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:20.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Conwell Y, Orden KV, Caine ED. Suicide in older adults. Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2011;34:451–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. De Beurs E, Beekman A, Geerlings S, Deeg D, Van Dyck R, Van Tilburg W. On becoming depressed or anxious in late life: similar vulnerability factors but different effects on stressful life events. Br J Psychiatry. 2001;179:426–31.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Depp CA, Jeste DV. Definitions and predictors of successful aging: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;14:6–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Depping AM, Komossa K, Kissling W, Leucht S. Second-generation antipsychotics for anxiety disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd008120.pub2.

  33. Dias FLDC, Teixeira AL, Guimarães HC, Barbosa MT, Resende EDPF, Beato RG, Carmona KC, Caramelli P. Accuracy of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) in a community-dwelling oldest-old sample: the Pietà Study. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017;39:276–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Diefenbach GJ, Goethe J. Clinical interventions for late-life anxious depression. Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1:41–50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Diniz BS, Butters MA, Albert SM, Dew MA, Reynolds CF. Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;202:329–35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Djernes JK. Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006;113:372–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Baldwin D, Woods R, Lawson R, Taylor D. Efficacy of drug treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011;342:d1718.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fortney JC, Booth BM, Blow FC, et al. The effects of travel barriers and age on utilization of alcoholism treatment aftercare. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1995;21(3):391–407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Juneau M, Talajic M, Bourassa MG. Gender, depression, and one-year prognosis after myocardial infarction. Psychosom Med. 1999;61:26–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Geriatric Depression Scale. SpringerReference. https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_184613.

  41. Gfroerer J, Penne M, Pemberton M, Folsom R. Substance abuse treatment need among older adults in 2020: the impact of the aging baby-boom cohort. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;69:127–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Goldberg DP, Huxley P. Common mental disorders: a biosocial model. London: Routledge; 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Chamberlain SR. Gambling disorder, DSM-5 criteria and symptom severity. Compr Psychiatry. 2017;75:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.006.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Greenberg PE, Sisitsky T, Kessler RC, Finkelstein SN, Berndt ER, Davidson JRT, Ballenger JC, Fyer AJ. The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60:427–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Greenberg SA. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Try this: best practices in nursing care to older adults. 2019;4:1.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Guaiana G, Barbui C, Churchill R, Cipriani A, Mcguire H. Hydroxyzine for generalised anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd006815.

  47. Gulpers B, Ramakers I, Hamel R, Köhler S, Voshaar RO, Verhey F. Anxiety as a predictor for cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2016;24:823–42.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Haigh EA, Bogucki OE, Sigmon ST, Blazer DG. Depression among older adults: a 20-year update on five common myths and misconceptions. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018;26:107–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Hall J, Kellett S, Berrios R, Bains MK, Scott S. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2016;24:1063–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Harmell AL, Jeste D, Depp C. Strategies for successful aging: a research update. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014;16:476–87.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Hendriks G-J, Kampman M, Keijsers GPJ, Hoogduin CAL, Voshaar RCO. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia in older people: a comparison with younger patients. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31:669–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hing N, Russell AMT. Psychological factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and coping mechanisms associated with the self-stigma of problem gambling. J Behav Addict. 2017;6(3):416–24. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.056.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Hong S-I, Sacco P, Cunningham-Williams RM. An empirical typology of lifetime and current gambling behaviors: association with health status of older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2009;13(2):265–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802459849.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Hybels CF, Blazer DG. Epidemiology of late-life mental disorders. Clin Geriatr Med. 2003;19:663–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Jeste DV. Feeling fine at a hundred and three. Am J Prev Med. 2005;28:323–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kabacoff RI, Segal DL, Hersen M, Hasselt VBV. Psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the state-trait anxiety inventory with older adult psychiatric outpatients. J Anxiety Disord. 1997;11:33–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kapczinski F, Souza JJDS, da Cunha Angelo ABC Batista Miralha, Schmitt RR. Antidepressants for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003592.

  58. Keller MB. A comparison of Nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1462.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kennedy GJ, Ceïde ME. Screening older adults for mental disorders. Clin Geriatr Med. 2018;34:69–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Kessler RC, Birnbaum H, Bromet E, Hwang I, Sampson N, Shahly V. Age differences in major depression: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Psychol Med. 2009;40:225.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, Zaslavsky AM, Wittchen H-U. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012;21:169–84.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Koenig HG, Blazer DG. Epidemiology of geriatric affective disorders. Clin Geriatr Med. 1992;8:235–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kornstein SG. Gender differences in depression: implications for treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58(Suppl 15):12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Krasucki C, Howard R, Mann A. Anxiety and its treatment in the elderly. Int Psychogeriatr. 1999;11:25–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:606–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Kuerbis AN, Sacco P. A review of existing treatments for substance abuse among the elderly and recommendations for future directions. Subst Abuse. 2013;7:13–37.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Kuerbis A, Sacco P, Blazer DG, Moore AA. Substance abuse among older adults. Clin Geriatr Med. 2014;30(3):629–54.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lavretsky H, Reinlieb M, Cyr NS, Siddarth P, Ercoli LM, Senturk D. Citalopram, methylphenidate, or their combination in geriatric depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatr. 2015;172:561–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Lenze EJ, Mulsant BH, Blumberger DM, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of augmentation pharmacotherapy with aripiprazole for treatment-resistant depression in late life: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;386:2404–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Licht-Strunk E, Windt DAVD, Marwijk HWV, Haan MD, Beekman AT. The prognosis of depression in older patients in general practice and the community. A systematic review. Fam Pract. 2007;24:168–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Lieverse R, Someren EJWV, Nielen MMA, Uitdehaag BMJ, Smit JH, Hoogendijk WJG. Bright light treatment in elderly patients with nonseasonal major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Lister JJ, Milosevic A, Ledgerwood DM. Psychological characteristics of problem gamblers with and without mood disorder. Can J Psychiatry. 2015;60(8):369–76.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Lundorff M, Holmgren H, Zachariae R, Farver-Vestergaard I, O’Connor M. Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2017;212:138–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Lyness JM, King DA, Cox C, Yoediono Z, Caine ED. The importance of subsyndromal depression in older primary care patients: prevalence and associated functional disability. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:647–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Medeiros GC, Leppink E, Yaemi A, Mariani M, Tavares H, Grant J. Gambling disorder in older adults: a cross-cultural perspective. Compr Psychiatry. 2015;58:116–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.12.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Mehta M, Whyte E, Lenze E, Hardy S, Roumani Y, Subashan P, Huang W, Studenski S. Depressive symptoms in late life: associations with apathy, resilience and disability vary between young-old and old-old. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008;23:238–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Mitchell AJ, Subramaniam H. Prognosis of depression in old age compared to middle age: a systematic review of comparative studies. Am J Psychiatr. 2005;162:1588–601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Mittmann N, Herrmann N, Shulman KI, Silver IL, Busto UE, Borden EK, Naranjo CA, Shear NH. The effectiveness of antidepressants in elderly depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999;60:690–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Montgomery S, Chatamra K, Pauer L, Whalen E, Baldinetti F. Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in elderly people with generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;193:389–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Moreno-Peral P, Conejo-Cerón S, Rubio-Valera M, et al. Effectiveness of psychological and/or educational interventions in the prevention of anxiety. JAMA Psychiat. 2017;74:1021–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Mottram PG, Wilson K, Strobl JJ. Antidepressants for depressed elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003491.pub2.

  82. Mughal S, Siddiqui W. Grief reaction. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2018.. PMID: 29939609.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Nelson JC. Duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder in older patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatr. 2005;13:227–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Parke A, Griffiths M, Pattinson J, Keatley D. Age-related physical and psychological vulnerability as pathways to problem gambling in older adults. J Behav Addict. 2018;7(1):137–45. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Pinquart M. Treatments for later-life depressive conditions: a meta-analytic comparison of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Am J Psychiatr. 2006;163:1493.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Porensky EK, Dew MA, Karp JF, Skidmore E, Rollman BL, Shear MK, Lenze EJ. The burden of late-life generalized anxiety disorder: effects on disability, health-related quality of life, and healthcare utilization. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;17:473–82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Ravindran LN, Stein MB. The pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71:839–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Reifler BV, Bruce ML. Home-based mental health services for older adults: a review of ten model programs. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014;22:241–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Reynolds K, Pietrzak RH, El-Gabalawy R, Mackenzie CS, Sareen J. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in U.S. older adults: findings from a nationally representative survey. World Psychiatry. 2015;14:74–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Rogalsky C, Vidal C, Li X, Damasio H. Risky decision-making in older adults without cognitive deficits: an fMRI study of VMPFC using the Iowa gambling task. Soc Neurosci. 2012;7(2):178–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2011.588340.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Rovner BW, Ganguli M. Depression and disability associated with impaired vision: the MoVIES project. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:617–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Sacco P, Kuerbis A. Older adults. In: Vaughn MG, Perron BE, editors. Social work practice in the addictions, vol. 2013. New York: Springer; 2013. p. 213–29.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Sajatovic M, Chen P, Young R. Chapter 9: rating scales in bipolar disorder. In: Tohen M, Bowden CL, Nierenberg AA, Geddes JR, editors. Clinical trial design challenges in mood disorders. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2015. p. 105–36.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Schonfeld L, King-Kallimanis BL, Duchene DM, Etheridge RL, Herrera JR, Barry KL, Lynn N. Screening and brief intervention for substance misuse among older adults: the Florida BRITE project. Am J Public Health. 2010;100:108–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Schultz SK, Arndt S, Liesveld J. Locations of facilities with special programs for older substance abuse clients in the US. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;18(9):839–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Shear MK, Wang Y, Skritskaya N, Duan N, Mauro C, Ghesquiere A. Treatment of complicated grief in elderly persons. JAMA Psychiat. 2014;71:1287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric Depression cale (GDS). Clin Gerontol. 1986;5:165–73.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Solai LK, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for late-life depression. Drugs Aging. 2001;18:355–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1092–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Steer RA, Willman M, Kay PAJ, Beck AT. Differentiating elderly medical and psychiatric outpatients with the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Assessment. 1994;1:345–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Subramaniam M, Chong SA, Satghare P, Browning CJ, Thomas S. Gambling and family: a two-way relationship. J Behav Addict. 2017;6(4):689–98. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.082.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  102. Thomas ML, Kaufmann CN, Palmer BW, Depp CA, Martin AS, Glorioso DK, Thompson WK, Jeste DV. Paradoxical trend for improvement in mental health with aging. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77:1019–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Thompson E. Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAM-A). Occup Med. 2015;65(7):601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Thorp SR, Ayers CR, Nuevo R, Stoddard JA, Sorrell JT, Wetherell JL. Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;17:105–15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Unützer J, Park M. Older adults with severe, treatment-resistant depression. JAMA. 2012;308:909.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  106. Veer-Tazelaar PJV, Marwijk HWJV, Oppen PV, Hout HPJV, Horst HEVD, Cuijpers P, Smit F, Beekman ATF. Stepped-care prevention of anxiety and depression in late life. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66:297–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Vink D, Aartsen MJ, Schoevers RA. Risk factors for anxiety and depression in the elderly: a review. J Affect Disord. 2008;106:29–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Wetherell JL, Petkus AJ, Mcchesney K, Stein MB, Judd PH, Rockwell E, Sewell DD, Patterson TL. Older adults are less accurate than younger adults at identifying symptoms of anxiety and depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009;197:623–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Whyte EM, Mulsant BH, Vanderbilt J, Dodge HH, Ganguli M. Depression after stroke: a prospective epidemiological study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52:774–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Wild B, Eckl A, Herzog W, Niehoff D, Lechner S, Maatouk I, Schellberg D, Brenner H, Müller H, Löwe B. Assessing generalized anxiety disorder in elderly people using the GAD-7 and GAD-2 scales: results of a validation study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014;22:1029–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Wittchen H-U, Strehle J, Gerschler A, et al. Measuring symptoms and diagnosing mental disorders in the elderly community: the test-retest reliability of the CIDI65. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2014;24:116–29.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Wittouck C, Autreve SV, Jaegere ED, Portzky G, Heeringen KV. The prevention and treatment of complicated grief: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31:69–78.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Castriotta N, Lenze EJ, Stanley MA, Craske MG. Anxiety disorders in older adults: a comprehensive review. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27:190–211.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Yesavage JA, Sheikh JI. 9/Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Clin Gerontol. 1986;5:165–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Zalta AK. A meta-analysis of anxiety symptom prevention with cognitive-behavioral interventions. J Anxiety Disord. 2011;25:749–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Zhang X, Norton J, Carrière I, Ritchie K, Chaudieu I, Ancelin M-L. Risk factors for late-onset generalized anxiety disorder: results from a 12-year prospective cohort (the ESPRIT study). Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5:e536. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  117. Zohar J, Westenberg HGM. Anxiety disorders: a review of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;101:39–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Raisa Yagudayeva, Leopoldine Matialeu, Alexander J. Schupper, Keenan M. Onodera & Daniel D. Sewell

Authors
  1. Raisa Yagudayeva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Leopoldine Matialeu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alexander J. Schupper
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Keenan M. Onodera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Daniel D. Sewell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniel D. Sewell .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center on Aging and Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA

    Patrick P. Coll

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Yagudayeva, R., Matialeu, L., Schupper, A.J., Onodera, K.M., Sewell, D.D. (2019). Promoting Healthy Aging Through Recognition and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders in Older Adults. In: Coll, P. (eds) Healthy Aging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06200-2_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06200-2_24

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-06199-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-06200-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation