Space Applications Supporting Justice

Froehlich, Annette

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-06040-4_16

Space Applications Supporting Justice

Annette Froehlich ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8747-5425²³

Chapter
First Online: 01 June 2019

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Part of the book series: Southern Space Studies ((SOSPST))

Abstract

Goal 16 of the Sustainable Development Goals promotes “just, peaceful and inclusive societies”. This presupposes fair and equal judgements of justice. However, judgements can only be objective if they are based on correct information. Satellite data may assist in this regard, especially in regard to territorial conflicts, as is the case for wide areas such as on the Africa continent. In addition, the International Court of Justice has also accepted satellite data in other cases, for example to prove the installation of weapons, to monitor the equitable implementation of its judgments or to prove the location of settlements of local populations. More recently, satellite data have also become known in other fields, such as the detection or proof of the violation of human rights.

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Notes

1.
Goal 16: Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/peace-justice/ (accessed 10 July 2018).
2.
See Footnote 1.
3.
See Footnote 1.
4.
The World Bank, Governance for Development, Justice proposed for sustainable development goals, Submitted by Heike Gramckow, co-authors: Nicholas Menzies, 02/09/2015, http://blogs.worldbank.org/governance/justice-proposed-sustainable-development-goals
5.
Peace, Justice, And Strong Institutions: Why They Matter, p.2, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/16-00055p_Why_it_Matters_Goal16_Peace_new_text_Oct26.pdf (accessed 10 July 2018).
6.
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7.
See Footenote 6.
8.
See Footnote 5.
9.
Kasikili is the Namibian name, Sedudu the Botswana name for the island.
10.
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11.
Pt. 33.
12.
Pt. 41.
13.
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14.
See Footnote 11.
15.
Case concerning Kasikili/Sedudu Island, pt. 43.
16.
Pt. 71.
17.
Pt. 72.
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Pt. 73.
19.
Pt. 74.
20.
See Footnote 19.
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22.
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Annette Froehlich, Space Related Data: From Justice To Development, IAC 2011 (IAC-11-E7.3.1), p. 5.
29.
Cf. Gbenga Oduntan, The Demarcation of Straddling Villages in Accordance with the International Court of Justice Jurisprudence: The Cameroon–Nigeria Experience, Chinese Journal of International Law, 2006, Vol. 5, Issue 1, pp. 79–114, http://chinesejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/79.full (accessed: 15.6.2018)
30.
“The Nigerian Boundary Commission reported that, as of January 2006, implementation of the ICJ judgment was progressing. ‘Both countries [have] secured the technical assistance of the UN to undertake the field work … [and] have secured the latest satellite imagery of the border area 30 km in Nigeria and 30 km in Cameroon.’ With satellite mapping, a technical team of Nigerian, Cameroonian, and UN officials reportedly commenced intense cartographic demarcation work in the field in accordance with the judgment.” Aloysius P. Llamzon, Jurisdiction and Compliance in Recent Decisions of the International Court of Justice, EJIL 2007, p. 838, http://www.ejil.org/pdfs/18/5/250.pdf (accessed: 15.6.2018).
31.
See further: Annette Froehlich, The Impact of Satellite Data used by High International Courts like the ICJ (International Court of Justice) and ITLOS (International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea), Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law 2012, Den Haag 2013, pp. 471–483; Annette Froehlich, Space Related Data: From Justice To Development, Proceedings of the International Institute of Space Law 2011, Den Haag 2012, pp. 221–227.
32.
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33.
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34.
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35.
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36.
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38.
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39.
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40.
Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua) and Construction of a Road in Costa Rica along the San Juan River (Nicaragua v. Costa Rica), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2015, p. 665.
41.
Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Boarder Area (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), Request for the indication of provisional measures, 8 March 2011, Nr. 6.
42.
Nr. 3.
43.
Nr. 5.
44.
Nr. 33.
45.
Nr. 38.
46.
Nr. 40.
47.
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48.
Counter-memorial and counter claim submitted by the United States of America, 23 June 1997, pt. 1.75.
49.
Counter-memorial and counter claim submitted by the United States of America, 23 June 1997, pt. 1.05.
50.
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51.
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52.
Amy Maxmen, AAAS Geospatial Report: Ethiopian “Villagization” Policy is Displacing Farmers in Gambella Region, 17 January 2012,
https://www.aaas.org/news/aaas-geospatial-report-ethiopian-villagization-policy-displacing-farmers-gambella-region (accessed 7 October 2018).
53.
Russell Schimmer, Tracking the Genocide in Darfur: Population Displacement as Recorded by Remote Sensing, Genocide Studies Working Paper No. 36, https://gsp.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/GS36.pdf (accessed 7 October 2018).
54.
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55.
See Democratic Republic of the Congo, Case: The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo; The Prosecutor v Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui, The Prosecutor v. Bahar Idriss Abu Garda, available at http://www.icc-cpi.int.
56.
AAAS Scientific Responsibility, Human Rights & Law Program, Ethiopian Occupation of the Border Region of Eritrea Case Study Summary, https://www.aaas.org/resources/ethiopian-occupation-border-region-eritrea-case-study-summary (accessed 7 October 2018).
57.
See Footnote 25.
58.
Beyond Reasonable Doubt, Using Scientific Evidence to Advance Prosecutions at the International Criminal Court, 23–24 October 2012, workshop report, pp. 6–7, https://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/HRC/HRC_Beyond_Reasonable_Doubt_FINAL.pdf (Accessed 15 July 2018)
59.
Beyond Reasonable Doubt, Using Scientific Evidence to Advance Prosecutions at the International Criminal Court, 23–24 October 2012, workshop report, p. 10.

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University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
Annette Froehlich

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SpaceLab, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
Annette Froehlich

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Froehlich, A. (2019). Space Applications Supporting Justice. In: Froehlich, A. (eds) Embedding Space in African Society. Southern Space Studies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06040-4_16

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06040-4_16
Published: 01 June 2019
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-06039-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-06040-4
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