Abstract
First appearing in World’s Finest Comics #3 in 1941, “the Scarecrow”—criminal alias for Dr. Jonathan Crane, professor specializing in the psychology of fear—is one of Batman’s oldest villains. Though he appeared only five times in his first three decades, his presence grew throughout the 1970s and 1980s. By the 1990s, he was a regularly recurring member of Batman’s Rogue Gallery, thanks in part to the animated Batman series. He achieved a kind of stardom in the 2000s and 2010s as the only villain to appear in all three films of the Christopher Nolan Dark Knight trilogy, as a central villain in the Arkham video game series, as one of the earliest featured villains in the Gotham television series, and as a playable character in the Injustice 2 video game.
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Notes
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Knopf, C.M. (2019). Politics as “the Product of Everything You Fear”: Scarecrow as Phobia Entrepreneur. In: Picariello, D. (eds) Politics in Gotham. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05776-3_11
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