Abstract
Strong dissimilar material welds (DMW) of PA66 and 6061 Al was produced by friction lap welding (FLW) at welding speeds as high as 5 m/min. The temperature difference at various locations of the welds did not affect the local joining strength. In an attempt of explaining the joint strengths, special samples were made by evaporation of aluminum oxide onto a polyamide 66 (PA66) substrate to form metal/polymer interface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis showed that the key chemical bond developed across the PA66/alumina interface is of Al–O–C type which would have very likely contributed to good joint strengths in such metal/polymer joints. Elevated temperatures are not essential for formation such chemical bonds as long as a fully intimate atomic contact between the PA66 and Al plates can be achieved.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Liu FC, Liao J, Nakata K (2014) Joining of metal to plastic using friction lap welding. Mater Des 54:236–244
Martinsen K, Hu SJ, Carlson BE (2015) Joining of dissimilar materials. Cirp Ann-Manuf Technol 64(2):679–699
Amancio ST, dos Santos JF (2009) Joining of polymers and polymer-metal hybrid structures: recent developments and trends. Polym Eng Sci 49(8):1461–1476
Kweon JH, Jung JW, Kim TH, Choi JH, Kim DH (2006) Failure of carbon composite-to-aluminum joints with combined mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding. Compos Struct 75(1–4):192–198
Lambiase F, Paoletti A, Grossi V, Di Ilio A (2017) Friction assisted joining of aluminum and PVC sheets. J Manuf Process 29:221–231
Baldan A (2004) Adhesively-bonded joints in metallic alloys, polymers and composite materials: mechanical and environmental durability performance. J Mater Sci 39(15):4729–4797
Liu FC, Nakata K, Liao J, Hirota S, Fukui H (2014) Reducing bubbles in friction lap welded joint of magnesium alloy and polyamide. Sci Technol Weld Join 19(7):578–587
Katayama S, Kawahito Y (2008) Laser direct joining of metal and plastic. Scr Mater 59(12):1247–1250
Ageorges C, Ye L (2001) Resistance welding of metal/thermoplastic composite joints. J Thermoplast Compos 14(6):449–475
Amancio-Filho ST, Camillo APC, Bergmann L, dos Santos JF, Kury SE, Machado NGA (2011) Preliminary investigation of the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of 2024 aluminium alloy friction spot welds. Mater Trans 52(5):985–991
Balle F, Wagner G, Eifler D (2007) Ultrasonic spot welding of aluminum sheet/carbon fiber reinforced polymer-joints. Materialwiss Werkst 38(11):934–938
Jung KW, Kawahito Y, Takahashi M, Katayama S (2013) Laser direct joining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic to aluminum alloy. J Laser Appl 25(3)
(2000) Direct diode laser welds expand plastics joining. Prof Eng 13(23):48–48
Jung DJ, Cheon J, Na SJ (2016) Effect of surface pre-oxidation on laser assisted joining of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and zinc-coated steel. Mater Des 99:1–9
Nagatsuka K, Kitagawa D, Yamaoka H, Nakata K (2016) Friction lap joining of thermoplastic materials to carbon steel. ISIJ Int 56(7):1226–1231
Lambiase F, Genna S (2017) Laser-assisted direct joining of AISI304 stainless steel with polycarbonate sheets: thermal analysis, mechanical characterization, and bonds morphology. Opt Laser Technol 88:205–214
Cueff R, Baud G, Benmalek M, Besse JP, Butruille JR, Jacquet M (1997) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of plasma-modified PET surface and alumina/PET interface. Appl Surf Sci 115(3):292–298
Sandrin L, Sacher E (1998) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the evaporated aluminum corona-treated polyethylene terephthalate interface. Appl Surf Sci 135(1–4):339–349
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liu, F.C., Dong, P. (2019). Promising High-Speed Welding Techniques for Joining Polymers to Metals and Underlying Joining Mechanisms. In: Hovanski, Y., Mishra, R., Sato, Y., Upadhyay, P., Yan, D. (eds) Friction Stir Welding and Processing X. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05752-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05752-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05751-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05752-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)