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Processing, Characterization and Application of Natural Rubber Based Environmentally Friendly Polymer Composites

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Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites

Abstract

Environmentally friendly natural rubber composites (NRCs)/nanocomposites (NCs) filled with natural organic fillers coming from renewable and biodegradable sources have been raising continuous and utmost interests to fulfil the increasing demand related to the minimum use of petroleum-based non-renewable resources. In order to develop the improved properties and performance characteristics of green NRCs/NCPs, continuously increasing attention has been devoted to enhance mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties through augmentation of interfacial adhesion among natural fillers and NR matrix, together with ensuring more even distribution of fillers via chemical modification of the fillers/NR and use of adhesion/dispersion promoters/additives. Therefore, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of various NRCs/NCPs have mainly been focused, along with necessary alterations in the biodegradability. In this context, NRCs/NCPs have been categorized into four major parts, i.e., NR composites filled with plant fibers, nano-cellulose (NC) reinforced NR NCPs, NRCs based on recycled rubber granulate, and NR composites containing proteins, with special attention being paid on processing, characterization, and preparation of NR composites filled with nanocellulosic fillers. The role of new microstructures, such as honeycomb, Zn-cellulose complex, cellulose-cellulose network etc., have been analyzed to obtain environmentally friendly NR composites suited for interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), sensor, and other sophisticated materials.

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Abbreviations

BF:

Bamboo fiber

CB:

Carbon black

CF:

Coir/coconut fiber

CV:

Conventional vulcanization

DMA:

Dynamic mechanical analysis

EAB:

Elongation at break

EV:

Efficient vulcanization

IF:

Isora fiber

IPN:

Interpenetrating polymer network

LW:

Leather waste

MBTS:

2-mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide

NC:

Nanocellulose

NCP:

Nanocomposite

NF:

Nanofiller

NRC:

Natural rubber composite

NR:

Natural rubber

NW:

Nanowhisker

OPF:

Oil palm fiber

PC:

Polymer composite

PLA:

Poly(lactic acid)

PLF:

Pineapple leaf fiber

PP:

Polypropylene

RG:

Rubber granulate

RRG:

Recycled rubber granulate

SBR:

Styrene butadiene rubber

SEV:

Semi-efficient vulcanization

SF:

Sisal fiber

TMTD:

Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide

TSH:

Toluenosulfohydrazina

TS:

Tensile strength

ZMB:

Zinc-2-mercaptobenzothiazole

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Acknowledgements

The corresponding author gratefully acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India (YSS/2015/000886).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, West Bengal, India

    Nayan Ranjan Singha, Manas Mahapatra & Mrinmoy Karmakar

  2. Department of Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, West Bengal, India

    Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay

Authors
  1. Nayan Ranjan Singha
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  2. Manas Mahapatra
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  3. Mrinmoy Karmakar
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  4. Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nayan Ranjan Singha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Inamuddin

  2. School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

  3. Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Raghvendra Kumar Mishra

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. Asiri

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Singha, N.R., Mahapatra, M., Karmakar, M., Chattopadhyay, P.K. (2019). Processing, Characterization and Application of Natural Rubber Based Environmentally Friendly Polymer Composites. In: Inamuddin, Thomas, S., Kumar Mishra, R., Asiri, A. (eds) Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05399-4_29

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