Abstract
Architectural design is not just a technical process based on problem-solving and representation, but also a social process distributed between architect and non-architect stakeholders. In this study, visual behaviour differences between architects and non-architects during perception, interpretation and evaluation of architectural drawings are analysed. An eye tracking experiment was conducted on two groups of participants: 19 graduate-level students of the Department of Architecture and 19 students from other faculties. Eye tracking data were analysed according to three categories: means of gaze duration, gaze count and gaze plot patterns.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Dorst K (2011) The core of ‘design thinking’ and its application. Des Stud 32(6):521–532
Cross N (2011) Design thinking: understanding how designers think and work. Berg Publishers, Oxford, New York
Feast L, Melles G (2010) Epistemological positions in design research: a brief review of the literature. In: 2nd international conference on design education, Sydney
Cross N (1972) Design participation: proceedings of the design research society’s conference. Academy Editions, London
Eastman C (2001) New directions in design cognition: studies of representation and recall. In: Eastman C, Mccracken M, Newstetter W (eds) Design knowing and learning: cognition in design education. Elsevier, pp 147–198
Viana DL, Morais F, Vaz JV (2018) Formal methods in architecture and urbanism. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne
RIBA The Fees Bureau (2017) RIBA business benchmarking 2017 https://www.architecture.com/-/media/gathercontent/core-cpd/additional-documents/ribabenchmarking2017executivesummarypdf.pdf
Grossmann T (2017) The eyes as windows into other minds: an integrative perspective. Perspect Psychol Sci 12(1):107–121
Alexander C (1964) Notes on the synthesis of form. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Alexander C, Silverstein M, Ishikawa S (1977) A pattern language: towns, buildings, construction. Oxford University Press, New York
Simon HA (1969) The sciences of the artificial. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cross N (2006) Designerly ways of knowing. Springer, London
Cross N (1999) Natural intelligence in design. Des Stud 20(1):25–39
Cross N (2001) Design cognition: results from protocol and other empirical studies of design activity. In: Eastman C, Mccracken M, Newstetter W (eds) Design knowing and learning: cognition in design education. Elsevier, 79–103
Akin O (2001) Variants in design cognition. In: Eastman C, Mccracken M, Newstetter W (eds) Design knowing and learning: cognition in design education. Elsevier, pp 105–124
Goldschmidt G (1991) The dialects of sketching. Creativity Res J 4(2):123–143
Suwa M, Tversky B (1997) What do architects and students perceive in their design sketches? A protocol analysis. Des Stud 18(4):385–403
Ericsson KA, Charness N, Feltovich P, Hoffman R (2006) The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Miller GA (1956) The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychol Rev 101(2):343–352
Chase WG, Simon H (1973) Perception in chess. Cogn Psychol 4:55–81
Bilalić M et al (2010) Mechanisms and neural basis of object and pattern recognition: a study with chess experts. J Exp Psychol Gen 139(4):728–742
Li R, Pelz J, Shi P (2012) Learning image-derived eye movement patterns to characterize perceptual expertise. Eye Tracking Res Appl Symp Proc 393–396
Anderson B, Shyu CR (2011) Studying visual behaviors from multiple eye tracking features across levels of information representation. AMIA Annu Symp Proc 72–79
Akin O (1980) Models of architectural knowledge. Pion, London
Cross N (2004) Expertise in design: an overview. Des Stud 25(5):427–441
Lawson B (2005) How designers think, 4th edn. Routledge, New York
Altinişik M, Derinboğaz A (2012) Rauf Denktas Anit Mezari ve Muzesi Uluslararasi Proje Yarismasi. http://www.arkitera.com/proje/1502/esdeger-mansiyon-rauf-raif-denktas-anit-mezari-ve-muzesi-uluslararasi-proje-yarismasi
Hançerli M, Olguner O (2012) Rauf Denktas Anit Mezari ve Muzesi Uluslararasi Mimari Proje Yarismasi http://www.kolokyum.com/yazi/81965__rauf_raif_denktas_anit_mezari_ve_muzesi_uluslararasi_mimari_proje_yarismasi
Bar M, Neta M (2007) Visual elements of subjective preference modulate amygdala activation. Neuropsychologia 2191–2220
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. Dr. Zeynep Mennan for her guidance and feedback; to the three DCC reviewers for their valuable comments and discussions; and to the anonymous group of students who participated in the eye tracking experiments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Colaço, C.A., Acartürk, C. (2019). Visual Behaviour During Perception of Architectural Drawings: Differences Between Architects and Non-architects. In: Gero, J. (eds) Design Computing and Cognition '18. DCC 2018. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05363-5_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05363-5_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05362-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05363-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)