Abstract
Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) is the next generation communication technology selected for allowing commercial and military aircraft to deliver flight information to both ground base stations and other airplanes. Today, it is already on-board of 80% of commercial aircraft, and it will become mandatory by the 2020 in the US and the EU. ADS-B has been designed without any security consideration—messages are delivered wirelessly in clear text and they are not authenticated.
In this paper we propose Securing Open Skies (SOS), a lightweight and standard-compliant framework for securing ADS-B technology wireless communications. SOS leverages the well-known \(\mu \)TESLA protocol, and includes some modifications necessary to deal with the severe bandwidth constraints of the ADS-B communication technology. In addition, SOS is resilient against message injection attacks, by recurring to majority voting techniques applied on central community servers. Overall, SOS emerges as a lightweight security solution, with a limited bandwidth overhead, that does not require any modification to the hardware already deployed. Further, SOS is standard compliant and able to reject active adversaries aiming at disrupting the correct functioning of the communication system. Finally, comparisons against state-of-the-art solutions do show the superior quality and viability of our solution.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lim, Y., Bassien-Capsa, V., Ramasamy, S., et al.: Commercial airline single-pilot operations: system design and pathways to certification. IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag. 32(7), 4–21 (2017)
Strohmeier, M., Lenders, V., Martinovic, I.: On the security of the automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast protocol. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tuts. 17(2), 1066–1087 (2015)
Radio-Technology-Commission-Aeronautics: Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090 MHz Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Services – Broadcast (TIS-B). Technical report (2014)
Strohmeier, M., Schäfer, M., Lenders, V., Martinovic, I.: Realities and challenges of NextGen air traffic management: the case of ADS-B. IEEE Commun. Mag. 52(5), 111–118 (2014)
Strohmeier, M., Lenders, V., Martinovic, I.: Lightweight location verification in air traffic surveillance networks. In: Proceedings of ACM Workshop on Cyber-Physical System Security, pp. 49–60 (2015)
Strohmeier, M., Lenders, V., Martinovic, I.: Intrusion detection for airborne communication using PHY-layer information. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment, pp. 67–77 (2015)
Alhazbi, S., Sciancalepore, S., Di Pietro, R.: A hole in the sky: de-anonymizing OpenSky receivers. T.R. 2018-2 (2018). https://cri-lab.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Alhazbi_PERCOM2019.pdf
Baek, J., Hableel, E., Byon, Y., et al.: How to protect ADS-B: confidentiality framework and efficient realization based on staged identity-based encryption. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 18(3), 690–700 (2017)
Yang, A., Tan, X., Baek, J., Wong, D.S.: A new ADS-B authentication framework based on efficient hierarchical identity-based signature with batch verification. IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput. 10(2), 165–175 (2017)
Kacem, T., Wijesekera, D., Costa, P.: Integrity and authenticity of ADS-B broadcasts. In: IEEE Aerospace Conference, pp. 1–8, March 2015
Kacem, T., Wijesekera, D., Costa, P., Barreto, A.B.: Secure ADS-B framework: ADS-Bsec. In: IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), pp. 2681–2686, November 2016
Berthier, P., Fernandez, J.M., Robert, J.M.: SAT: security in the air using Tesla. In: IEEE/AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference, pp. 1–10, September 2017
Yang, H., Yao, M., Xu, Z., Liu, B.: LHCSAS: a lightweight and highly-compatible solution for ADS-B security. In: IEEE Global Communications Conference, pp. 1–7, December 2017
Calvo-Palomino, R., Ricciato, F., Repas, B., et al.: Nanosecond-precision time-of-arrival estimation for aircraft signals with low-cost SDR receivers. In: Proceedings of ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pp. 272–277 (2018)
Di Pietro, R., Chessa, S., Maestrini, P.: Computation, memory and bandwidth efficient distillation codes to mitigate DoS in multicast. In: International Conference on Security and Privacy for Emerging Areas in Communications Networks, pp. 13–22, September 2005
Schäfer, M., Strohmeier, M., Lenders, V., Martinovic, I., Wilhelm, M.: Bringing up OpenSky: a large-scale ADS-B sensor network for research. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor, pp. 83–94, April 2014
Tuttlebee, W.: Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies. Wiley, Hoboken (2002)
Perrig, A., Canetti, R., Tygar, J.D., Song, D.: Efficient authentication and signing of multicast streams over lossy channels. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 56–73 (2000)
Perrig, A., Szewczyk, R., Tygar, J.D., Wen, V., Culler, D.E.: SPINS: security protocols for sensor networks. Wirel. Netw. 8(5), 521–534 (2002)
Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., Canetti, R.: HMAC: keyed-hashing for message authentication. In: RFC 2104, February 1997
Alhazbi, S., Sciancalepore, S., Di Pietro, R.: Reliability of ADS-B communications: novel insights based on an experimental assessment. T.R. 2018-1 (2018). https://cri-lab.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/AlHazbi_SAC2019_noanonym.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sciancalepore, S., Di Pietro, R. (2018). SOS - Securing Open Skies. In: Wang, G., Chen, J., Yang, L. (eds) Security, Privacy, and Anonymity in Computation, Communication, and Storage. SpaCCS 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11342. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05345-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05345-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05344-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05345-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)