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Ecotoxicity of Nanometals: The Problems and Solutions

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Book cover Nanomaterials: Ecotoxicity, Safety, and Public Perception

Abstract

The chapter deals with the ecotoxicity of nanometals. It presents the results of studying the effects of metal nanoparticles on environmental objects such as plants, animals, soil , water and microorganisms. The study of metal nanoparticles effects on the algae showed that it has pronounced dose-dependent effects and the level of influence depends on the type of nanoparticle, its size and the type of algae. Some nanocomposites , such as cerium oxide, do not lose their toxic properties even in a bound state. It is demonstrated that Fe2O3 has the lowest destabilization risk for aquatic ecosystems . Soil pollution with metal nanocomposites has negative effects resulting in death of its inhabitants and decrease in their reproduction. These changes have a dose-dependent effects. Moreover, the severity of negative effects depends on the type of nanocomposite and the composition of the soil fauna. Copper and silver nanocomposites have the most pronounced toxicity for earthworms . Phytotoxicity of metal nanocomposites directly depends on the type of nanoparticles and concentration of accumulated matter in plant tissues. The ability of plants to accumulate metal nanoparticles in tissues is quite promising which can be used as utilization instrument of nanoparticles from environment . Nowadays, there is growing knowledge about ecological hazards and potential risk of exposure to nanomaterials entering into objects of the environment . While the next step will be protection of plants, animals, and primarily, the human being from the negative effects and addressing the issue of environmentally safe usage of nanometals.

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Abbreviations

AgNO3:

Silver nitrate

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

ATP:

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

bcl-2:

B-cell lymphoma 2

Cd :

Cadmium

CuO :

Copper oxide

CuSO4:

Copper(II) sulfate

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Fe2O3 :

Iron(III) oxide

γ-GT:

Gamma-glutamyltransferase

hsp:

Heat shock protein

H2O2:

Hydrogen peroxide

HTS:

Highthroughput screening

nCuO:

Nano-copper oxide

nZnO:

Nano-zinc oxide

OECD:

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

StAR:

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxideTitanium dioxide

ZnO :

Zinc oxide

ZnSO4:

Zinc sulfate

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Correspondence to Irina A. Shurygina .

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Shurygina, I.A., Sosedova, L.M., Novikov, M.A., Titov, E.A., Shurygin, M.G. (2018). Ecotoxicity of Nanometals: The Problems and Solutions. In: Rai, M., Biswas, J. (eds) Nanomaterials: Ecotoxicity, Safety, and Public Perception. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05144-0_6

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