Abstract
The Earth’s internal layers (mantle and core) contain heat trapped from the primitive earth. The mantle is composed of low density iron and magnesium silicates and shows a convective movement when receiving conducted heat from the core. Rarely (on average once every 50 million years), some components of the convecting mantle move upwards under buoyancy to produce a mantle plume.
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Further Reading
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Hagos, M., Amare, K., Koeberl, C., Nyssen, J. (2019). The Volcanic Rock Cover of the Dogu’a Tembien Massif. In: Nyssen, J., Jacob, M., Frankl, A. (eds) Geo-trekking in Ethiopia’s Tropical Mountains. GeoGuide. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_9
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