Skip to main content

Conclusion: Potential for Transformative Research to Address Risks

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Democracy and Governance for Resourcing the Commons

Part of the book series: Contemporary Systems Thinking ((CST))

Abstract

Intersectional interventions are needed to match and address the needs of the marginalised in social life. Our focus is on the voiceless as they become displaced and vulnerable as a result of losing habitat or homes. We begin with some deliberations by Janet in which she summarises her conceptual background to this argument and then explains the importance of practising research to address social and ecological justice. This is followed by her creation of a hypothetical vignette which serves to illustrate options for systemic intervention. We conclude the paper and draw together key points made in the book. Norma engages with Janet’s vignette and explanation of ways to expand pragmatism by thinking through the consequences of our choices. A key message for the conclusion and the two volume series is the importance of combining approaches in response to areas of concern. Norma suggests ways of ‘stretching’ different paradigmatic/philosophical bases for doing research responsibly to address complex issues, including ways of practising multiple and mixed methods research that focus on a transformative agenda.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Susan Casey’s 2015Voices in the Ocean’ Random House. New York.

  2. 2.

    Rincon, P. Neanderthals were capable of making art http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43115488 $$ is Rincon, P and author writing on a date—give the date and also put in the ref list http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43115488 accessed 27 February 2018.

  3. 3.

    https://intercontinentalcry.org/need-intersectionality-understand-climate-change/.

  4. 4.

    Wicked problems are complex (Flood and Carson 1993) and, drawing on Rittel and Webber (1984), can be defined as comprising many interrelated variables that are perceived differently by different stakeholders and that need to be addressed critically and systemically within context (McIntyre-Mills 2014, 2017).

  5. 5.

    The distinction between multiple and mixed approaches is laid out by Hesse-Biber and Griffin (2015). They explain that multiple approaches imply using similar kinds of data measurement (such as quantitative or qualitative), while mixed approaches imply using different kinds (e.g. quantitative mixed with qualitative).

References

  • Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing policy. What is the problem represented to be? Frenchs Forest: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cram, F., & Mertens, D. M. (2015). Transformative and indigenous frameworks for multimethod and mixed methods research. In S. Hesse-Biber & R. B. Johnson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of multimethod and mixed methods research inquiry (pp. 91–109). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casey, S. (2015). Voices in the Ocean. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chilisa, B. (2012). Indigenous research methodologies. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chilisa, B., Major, T. E., & Khudu-Petersen, K. (2017). Community engagement with a postcolonial, African-based relational paradigm. Qualitative Research, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794117696176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Churchman, C. W. (1979). The systems approach and its enemies. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhamoon, R. K. (2011). Considerations on mainstreaming intersectionality. Political Research Quarterly, 64(1), 230–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912910379227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flood, R., & Carson, E. (1993). Dealing with complexity: An introduction to the theory and application of systems science (2nd ed.). London: Plenum.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gergen, K. J. (2015). From mirroring to worldmaking: Research as future forming. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45(3), 287–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., & Schwartzman, S. (1994). The new production of knowledge. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2015). Mixed methods research: The “thing-ness” problem. Qualitative Health Research, 25(6), 775–788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hesse-Biber, S. N., & Griffin, A. J. (2015). Feminist approaches to multimethod and mixed method research: Theory and praxis. In S. Hesse-Biber & R. B. Johnson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of multimethod and mixed methods research inquiry (pp. 72–90). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kovach, M. (2009). Indigenous methodologies: Characteristics, conversations, and contexts. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, A., & Spence, G. (2009). The elephant whisperer. London: Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre-Mills, J. (2010). Wellbeing, mindfulness and the global commons. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 17(7–8), 44–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre-Mills, J. (2014a). Systemic ethics to support wellbeing. Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics (pp. 1–12), 26 Feb 2014 (Latest version). ‘Early view. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_342-6# Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_342-6 Co-determination; Interconnectedness; Interdependency; Interrelatedness.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre-Mills, J. (2014b). Reconsidering boundaries. Sociopedia, International Sociological Association, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056846014102.

  • McIntyre-Mills, J. (2014c). Systemic ethics and non-anthropocentric stewardship. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre-Mills, J., De Vries, & Binchai, N. (2014). Transformation from wall street to wellbeing. New York: Springer, 253.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McIntyre-Mills, & Wirawan. (2017). Governing the Anthropocene: through balancing individualism and collectivism as a way to manage our ecological footprint’. In J. McIntyre-Mills, N. Romm, & Y. Corcoran-Nantes (Eds.), Balancing individualism and collectivism: Social and environmental justice (pp. 75–95). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertens, D. M. (2007). Transformative considerations: Inclusion and social justice. American Journal of Evaluation, 28(1), 86–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mertens, D. M. (2009). Transformative research and evaluation. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research and evaluation in education and psychology (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertens, D. M. (2016). Advancing social change in South Africa through transformative research. South African Review of Sociology, 47(1), 5–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pauli, G. (2010). The blue economy: Report to the Club of Rome. Taos: Paradigm Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pert, C. (1999). The molecules of emotion: Why you feel the way you feel. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popper, K. R. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. London: Hutchinson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popper, K. R. (1969). Conjectures and refutations. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rittel, H., & Webber, M. (1984). Planning problems are wicked problems: Developments in design methodology. Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romm, N. R. A. (2015). Reviewing the transformative paradigm: A critical systemic and relational (Indigenous) lens. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 28(5), 411–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romm, N. R. A. (2017). Researching Indigenous ways of knowing-and-being: Revitalizing relational quality of living. In P. Ngulube (Ed.), Handbook of research on theoretical perspectives on Indigenous Knowledge Systems in developing countries (pp. 22–48). Hershey: IGI Global.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Romm, N. R. A. (2018). Responsible research practice: Revisiting transformative paradigm in social research. Cham: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Shanor, K., & Kanwal, J. (2009). Bats sing and mice giggle: Revealing the secret lives of Smith, A. 1776 The Wealth of Nations. Retrieved from http://political-economy.com/wealth-of-nations-adam-smith/toengagecomments

  • Smith, A. (1776). The wealth of nations. Bantam Classic, Edited 2003; with notes and summary by Edwin Cannan; preface by Alan B. Kruege. Cited by Branko’s blog.

  • United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). (2007). Accessed 14 Feb 2016 at: https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wpcontent/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf

  • Waal, D. (2006). Part 1: Morally evolved. In S. Macedo & J. Ober (Eds.), Primates and philosophers. How morality evolved. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, E. (2016, June 8). https://intercontinentalcry.org/need-intersectionality-understand-climate-change/

  • Wane, N. N., Akena, F. A., & Ilmi, A. A. (2014). Introduction. In N. N. Wane, F. A. Akena, & A. A. Ilmi (Eds.), Spiritual discourse in the academy (pp. 1–11). New York: Peter Lang.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

McIntyre-Mills, J., Romm, N.R.A. (2019). Conclusion: Potential for Transformative Research to Address Risks. In: McIntyre-Mills, J., Romm, N.R.A., Corcoran-Nantes, Y. (eds) Democracy and Governance for Resourcing the Commons. Contemporary Systems Thinking. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04891-4_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics