Skip to main content

From MVPs to Pivots: A Hypothesis-Driven Journey of Two Software Startups

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Software Business (ICSOB 2018)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing ((LNBIP,volume 336))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Software startups have emerged as an interesting multiper-spective research area. Inspired by Lean Startup, a startup journey can be viewed as a series of experiments that validate a set of business hypotheses an entrepreneurial team make explicitly or inexplicitly about their startup. It is little known about how startups evolve through business hypothesis testing. This study proposes a novel approach to look at the startup evolution as a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) creating process. We identified relationships among business hypotheses and MVPs via ethnography and post-mortem analysis in two software startups. We observe that the relationship between hypotheses and MVPs is incomplete and non-linear in these two startups. We also find that entrepreneurs do learn from testing their hypotheses. However, there are hypotheses not tested by MVPs and vice versa, MVPs not related to any business hypothesis. The approach we proposed visualizes the flow of entrepreneurial knowledge across pivots via MVPs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Fletcher, D.E.: Entrepreneurial processes and the social construction of opportunity. Entrepreneurship Reg. Dev. 18(5), 21–440 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Song, M., Podoynitsyna, K., Van Der Bij, H., Halman, J.I.: Success factors in new ventures: a meta analysis. J. Prod. Innov. Manag. 25(1), 7–27 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Duc, A.N., Abrahamsson, P.: Minimum viable product or multiple facet product? the role of mvp in software startups. In: Sharp, H., Hall, T. (eds.) XP 2016. LNBIP, vol. 251, pp. 118–130. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33515-5_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Bajwa, S.S., Wang, X., Duc, A.N., Abrahamsson, P.: Failures to be celebrated: an analysis of major pivots of software startups. Empirical Softw. Eng. 22(5), 2373–2408 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sarasvathy, S.D.: Effectuation: Elements of Entrepreneurial Expertise. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Venkataraman, S., Sarasvathy, S.D., Dew, N., Forster, W.R.: Reflections on the 2010 AMR decade award: whither the promise? moving forward with entrepreneurship as a science of the artificial. Acad. Manag. Rev. 37(1), 21–33 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lichtenstein, B.B.: Generative Emergence: A New Discipline of Organizational, Entrepreneurial, and Social Innovation. Oxford University Press, New York (2014)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  8. Ries, E.: The Lean Startup: How Today’s Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. Crown Books, New York (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Müller, R.M., Thoring, K.: Design thinking vs. lean startup: a comparison of two user-driven innovation strategies. In: Leading through Design, vol. 151 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Khanna, D.: Experiential team learning in software startups. In: International Conference on Agile Software Development. Springer, Cham (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Basili, V.R., Selby, R.W., Hutchens, D.H.: Experimentation in software engineering. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 7, 733–743 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Blank, S.: The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products that Win. BookBaby, Cork (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Eisenmann, T., Ries, E., Dillard, S.: Hypothesis-driven entrepreneurship: the lean startup. Harvard Business School Entrepreneurial Management Case No. 812–095 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wang, X., Khanna, D., Abrahamsson, P.: Teaching lean startup at university: an experience report. In: International Workshop on Software Startups (IWSS) Co-located with 22nd ICE/IEEE International Technology Management Conference (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Selden, P.D., Fletcher, D.E.: The entrepreneurial journey as an emergent hierarchical system of artifact-creating processes. J. Bus. Ventur. 30(4), 603–615 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Simon, H.A.: The Sciences of the Artificial. MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nguyen Duc, A., Wang, X., Abrahamsson, P.: What Influences the Speed of Prototyping? An Empirical Investigation of Twenty Software Startups. Norwegian, Cologne (2017)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Lindgren, E., Münch, J.: Raising the odds of success: the current state of experimentation in product development. Inf. Softw. Technol. 77, 80–91 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Fagerholm, F., Guinea, A.S., Mäenpää, H., Münch, J.: Building blocks for continuous experimentation. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Rapid Continuous Software Engineering, pp. 26–35. ACM (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Nguyen Duc, A., Seppänen, P., Abrahamsson, P.: Hunter-gatherer cycle: a conceptual model of the evolution of startup innovation and engineering. In: 1st Workshop on Open Innovation on Software Engineering, ICSSP (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sharp, H., Dittrich, Y., De Souza, C.R.: The role of ethnographic studies in empirical software engineering. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 42(8), 786–804 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Fetterman, D.M.: Ethnography: Step-by-Step, vol. 17. Sage, Thousand Oaks (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Reeves, S., Kuper, A., Hodges, B.D.: Qualitative research methodologies: ethnography. BMJ Br. Med. J. 337 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Passos, C., Cruzes, D.S., Dybå, T., Mendonça, M.: Challenges of applying ethnography to study software practices. In: 2012 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on IEEE Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM), pp. 9–18 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Khanna, D., Mondini, M., Pantiuchina, J., Stillittano, G., Wang, X.: Experiment with MVPs: the First Startuppuccino Steps to a Lean Edtech Startup. In: Agilealliance (2017). https://www.agilealliance.org/resources/experience-reports/experiment-with-mvps/

  26. Edison, H., Khanna, D., Bajwa, S.S., Brancaleoni, V., Bellettati, L.: Towards a software tool portal to support startup process. In: Abrahamsson, P., Corral, L., Oivo, M., Russo, B. (eds.) PROFES 2015. LNCS, vol. 9459, pp. 577–583. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26844-6_43

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Myers, M.D., Newman, M.: The qualitative interview in IS research: examining the craft. Inf. Organ. 17(1), 2–26 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Runeson, P., Höst, M.: Guidelines for conducting and reporting case study research in software engineering. Empirical Softw. Eng. 14(2), 131 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dron Khanna .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Khanna, D., Nguyen-Duc, A., Wang, X. (2018). From MVPs to Pivots: A Hypothesis-Driven Journey of Two Software Startups. In: Wnuk, K., Brinkkemper, S. (eds) Software Business. ICSOB 2018. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol 336. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04840-2_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04840-2_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04839-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04840-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics