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Epidemiology of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

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Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a multisystem disease with a myriad of presentations and manifestations. It can affect almost any organ or tissue, excluding only hair and nails. Although extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is less frequent than pulmonary TB, EPTB is the secondary target for national TB control programs. The epidemiology of EPTB varies and depends on the epidemic situation of tuberculosis (TB) in the region, the epidemic situation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the level of poverty, the number of migrants, and even the classification of EPTB used in the region. Diagnosis of EPTB is difficult. The disease is often overlooked, so the real incidence and spectrum of EPTB are unknown. Nevertheless, the significance of EPTB has increased worldwide during the HIV epidemic. EPTB has not only medical but also great social importance as it is one of the most common reasons for both male and female infertility.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Novosibirsk Research TB Institute, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

    Ekaterina Kulchavenya

  2. Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

    Ekaterina Kulchavenya

  3. Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Kurt G. Naber

  4. Urology Department, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Truls Erik Bjerklund Johansen

  5. Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Truls Erik Bjerklund Johansen

Authors
  1. Ekaterina Kulchavenya
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  2. Kurt G. Naber
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  3. Truls Erik Bjerklund Johansen
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Infectious Disease & Clinical Microbiology, Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey

    Alper Sener

  2. ID-IRI Lead Coordinator, Department of Infectious Disease & Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey

    Hakan Erdem

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Kulchavenya, E., Naber, K.G., Bjerklund Johansen, T.E. (2019). Epidemiology of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. In: Sener, A., Erdem, H. (eds) Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04744-3_1

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