Abstract
Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a relatively new ingredient on the list of ingredients that have been used to mitigate the effects of joint inflammation in animals. Eggshells contain a thin membrane that coats the inner surface of the shell that is comprised of a wide number of proteins, amino acids, collagen-like proteins, enzymes, and glycosaminoglycans. When ESM is consumed by an animal, the compounds found in ESM will play a role in maintaining joint health. However, ESM also has antimicrobial effects. The antimicrobial effects of ESM can be utilized in animal feeds as an alternative to antibiotics for growth promotion in production animals. Thus, ESM represents a new ingredient for veterinarian use for not only fighting inflammation in joints but also as an alternative to antibiotics for growth promotion activities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams RG (2006) Eggshell membrane separation method. US Patent 7,017,277, United States: ESM Technologies, LLC
Ahlborn GJ (2006) Identification of eggshell membrane proteins and purification of ovotransferrin and β-NAGase from hen egg white. Protein J 25(1):71–81
Akagawa M (1999) Lysyl oxidase coupled with catalase in egg shell membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta 1434(1):151–160
Arias JL, Fernandez MS, Dennis JE et al (1991) The fabrication and collagenous substructure of the eggshell membrane in the isthmus of the hen oviduct. Matrix 11(5):313–320
Baker JR, Balch DA (1962) A study of the organic material of hen’s-egg shell. Biochem J 82:352–361
Bauer KL, Dierenfeld ES, Hartup BK (2014) Evaluation of a nutraceutical joint supplement in cranes. Proc N Am Crane Workshop 12:27–32
Britton WN, Hale KK (1977) Amino acid analysis of shell membranes of young and old hens varying in shell quality. Poult Sci 56:865–871
Brown KL, Hancock RE (2006) Cationic host defense (antimicrobial) peptides. Curr Opin Immunol 18:24–30
Bunnett NW (2005) The stressed gut: contributions of intestinal stress peptides to inflammation and motility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:7409–7410
Candlish JK, Scougall RK (1969) L-5-hydroxylysine as a constituent of the shell membranes of the hen’s egg. Int J Protein Res 1(4):299–302
Creger CR, Phillips H, Scott IJ (1976) Formation of an eggshell. Poult Sci 55:1717–1723
Daengprok W, Garnjanagoonchorn W, Mine Y (2002) Fermented pork sausage fortified with commercial or hen eggshell calcium lactate. Meat Sci 62:199–204
Danesch U, Seybold M, Rittinghausen R et al (2014) NEM® brand eggshell membrane effective in the treatment of pain associated with knee and hip osteoarthritis: results from a six-center, open-label German Clinical Study. J Arthritis 3(3):136
Dierenfeld ES, Baum D, Hampe L et al (2014) Evaluation of a nutraceutical joint supplement in camels. Am Holist Vet Med Assoc J 39:59–66
Farjah G (2013) Using eggshell membrane as nerve guide channels in peripheral nerve regeneration. Iran J Basic Med Sci 16(8):901–905
FDA (2017) Center for veterinary medicine. FDA’s strategy on antimicrobial resistance – questions and answers. Guidance for industry. Accessed March 14, 2017
Gautron J, Hincke MT, Panheleux M et al (2001) Ovotransferrin is a matrix protein of the hen eggshell membranes and basal calcified layer. Connect Tissue Res 42(4):255–267
Hecht J (1999) Eggshells break into collagen market. New Sci 161:6
Hincke MT, Gautron J, Panheleux M et al (2000) Identification and localization of lysozyme as a component of eggshell membranes and eggshell matrix. Matrix Biol 19(5):443–453
Hunton P (2005) Research on eggshell structure and quality: an historical overview. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 7(2):67–71
Kimoon P, Jinhee Y, Youngjae S (2012) Effects of egg shell membrane hydrolysates on skin whitening, wound healing, and UV-protection. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 32(3):308–315
Kjellen L, Lindahl U (1991) Proteoglycans: structures and interactions. Annu Rev Biochem 60:443–475
Lawrence RM, Pane CA (2007) Human breast milk: current concepts of immunology and infectious diseases. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 37:7–36
Long FD, Adams RG, De Vore DP (2004) Preparation of hyaluronic acid from eggshell membrane. 60/453,891(US 2004/0180851 A1)
MacNeil JH (2001) Method and apparatus for separating a protein membrane and shell material in waste egg shells. United States Patent (Foundation TPSR ed, vol 6,176,376). United States: The Penn State Research Foundation
Makkar SK (2016) Proteomic characterization of egg shell membranes and their effect on poultry physiology and immunity. PhD Thesis. Punjabi University, India
MiksÃk I, Eckhardt A, Sedláková P et al (2007) Proteins of insoluble matrix of avian (Gallus gallus) eggshell. Connect Tissue Res 48:1–8
Nakano T (2003) Chemical composition of chicken eggshell and shell membranes. Poult Sci 82:510–514
New L (2013) Eggshell membrane separation process. US Patent 8,448,884 B2
Picard J (1973) Sulfated glycoproteins from egg shell membranes and hen oviduct. Isolation and characterization of sulfated glycopeptides. Biochim Biophys Acta 320:427–441
Rose ML, Hincke MT (2009) Protein constituents of the eggshell: eggshell-specific matrix proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 66:2707–2719
Rovenský J, StancÃková M, Masaryk P et al (2003) Eggshell calcium in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 23:83–92
Ruff KJ, DeVore DP (2014) Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats following 7-day oral supplementation with a proprietary eggshell membrane-derived product. Mod Res Inflamm 3(1):19–25
Ruff KJ, DeVore DP, Leu MD et al (2009a) Eggshell membrane: a possible new natural therapeutic for joint and connective tissue disorders. Results from two open-label human clinical studies. Clin Interv Aging 4:235–240
Ruff KJ, Winkler A, Jackson WR et al (2009b) Eggshell membrane in the treatment of pain and stiffness from osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Clin Rheumatol 28(8):907–914
Ruff KJ, Durham PL, O’Reilly A et al (2015) Eggshell membrane hydrolyzates activate NF-κB in vitro: possible implications for in vivo efficacy. J Inflamm Res 8:49–57
Ruff KJ, Kopp KJ, Von Behrens P et al (2016) Effectiveness of NEM® brand eggshell membrane in the treatment of suboptimal joint function in dogs: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Vet Med Res Rep 7:113–121
Ruff KJ, Morrison D, Duncan SA et al (2018) Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane versus placebo in exercise-induced joint pain, stiffness, and cartilage turnover in healthy, postmenopausal women. Clin Interv Aging 13:285–295
Seal BS, Lillehoj HS, Donovan DM et al (2013) Alternatives to antibiotics: a symposium on the challenges and solutions for animal production. Anim Health Res Rev 14:78–87
Sim BY, Bak JW, Lee HL et al (2015) Effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) on monosodium iodoacetate-induced arthritis in rats. J Nutr Health 48(4):310–318
Starcher BC (1980) The presence of desmosine and isodesmosine in eggshell membrane protein. Connect Tissue Res 8(1):53–55
Thacker PA (2013) Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine production: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 4:35
Vlad V (2009) Eggshell membrane separation method. US Patent, vol 7534909. United States: Biova, LLC
Wedekind KJ, Coverdale JA, Hampton TR et al (2015) Efficacy of an equine joint supplement, and the synergistic effect of its active ingredients (chelated trace minerals and natural eggshell membrane), as demonstrated in equine, swine, and an osteoarthritis rat model. Open Access Anim Physiol 7:13–27
Wedekind KJ, Ruff KJ, Atwell CA et al (2017) Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) on multiple indices of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic rats. Mod Rheumatol 27(5):838–848
Wong M, Hendrix MJ, von der Mark K et al (1984) Collagen in the egg shell membranes of the hen. Dev Biol 104(1):28–36
Yoo S, Kokoszka J, Zou P et al (2009) Utilization of calcium carbonate particles from eggshell waste as coating pigments for ink-jet printing paper [electronic resource]. Bioresour Technol 100:6416–6421
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
DuBourdieu, D. (2019). Egg Shell Membranes for Veterinary Uses. In: Gupta, R., Srivastava, A., Lall, R. (eds) Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04624-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04624-8_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04623-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04624-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)