Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Trauma-Informed Care of Sexual and Gender Minority Patients

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Trauma-Informed Healthcare Approaches

Abstract

Sexual and gender minority people (SGM) experience disproportionately high rates of trauma and stress, which may inform their experience of illness and presentation to healthcare settings. In this chapter, we aim to thoroughly examine this experience of trauma and propose mechanisms by which healthcare systems can address these disparities. We recommend that providers seek out education and training in the service of providing culturally competent and affirming care to SGM patients, facilitated by healthcare systems that welcome and validate SGM identities. We also provide specific strategies that healthcare organizations can utilize to make themselves known as welcoming and competent and highlight systems that exemplify the key components of targeted outreach and high-quality care.

The original version of this chapter was revised. The correction to this chapter can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04342-1_12

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Change history

  • 26 September 2019

    On page 100, in the paragraph “In addition to clinical offerings…,” the reference citation [84] was incorrectly mentioned as c.

References

  1. Balsam KF, Rothblum ED, Beauchaine TP. Victimization over the life span: a comparison of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual siblings. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73(3):477.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Glossary of LGBT Terms for Health Care Teams. National LGBT Health Education Center. Last updated July 2017. Accessed 8 June 2018. Available from: https://www.lgbthealtheducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Glossary-2018-English-update-1.pdf.

  3. James SE, Herman JL, Rankin S, Keisling M, Mottet L, Anafi M. The report of the 2015 US transgender survey. National Center for Transgender Equality 2016. Accessed 30 May 2018. Available from: https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS-Full-Report-Dec17.pdf.

  4. Corliss HL, Goodenow CS, Nichols L, Austin SB. High burden of homelessness among sexual-minority adolescents: findings from a representative Massachusetts high school sample. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(9):1683–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Roberts AL, Rosario M, Corliss HL, Koenen KC, Austin SB. Elevated risk of posttraumatic stress in sexual minority youths: mediation by childhood abuse and gender nonconformity. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(8):1587–93.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Hart TA, Noor SW, Vernon JR, Kidwai A, Roberts K, Myers T, et al. Childhood maltreatment, bullying victimization, and psychological distress among gay and bisexual men. J Sex Res. 2018;55(4–5):604–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. HIV in the United States: at a glance. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated November 2017. Accessed 8 June 2018. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.html.

  8. Baral SD, Poteat T, Stromdahl S, Wirts AL, Guadamuz TE, Beyrer C. Worldwide burden of HIV in transgender women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(3):214–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Herbst JH, Jacobs ED, Finlayson TJ, McKleroy VS, Neumann MS, Crepaz N. Estimating HIV prevalence and risk behaviors of transgender persons in the United States: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(1):1–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. King M, Semlyen J, Tai SS, Killapsy H, Osborn D, Popelyuk D, Nazarareth I. A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self-harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8(70)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fredriksen-Goldsen KI, Kim H-J, Shui C, Bryan AEB. Chronic health conditions and key health indicators among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older US adults, 2013–2014. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(8):1332–8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303922.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Conron KJ, Mimiaga MJ, Landers SJ. A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(10):1953–60. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.174169.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Meyer IH. Minority stress and mental health in gay men. J Health Soc Behav. 1995;1:38–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674–97.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Hendricks ML, Testa RJ. A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: an adaptation of the minority stress model. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2012;43(5):460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sloan CA, Berke DS, Shipherd JC. Utilizing a dialectical framework to inform conceptualization and treatment of clinical distress in transgender individuals. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 2017;48(5):301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Boroughs MS, Valentine SE, Ironson GH, Shipherd JC, Safren SA, Taylor SW, et al. Complexity of childhood sexual abuse: predictors of current post-traumatic stress disorder, mood disorders, substance use, and sexual risk behavior among adult men who have sex with men. Arch Sex Behav. 2015;44(7):1891–902.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Butler LD, Critelli FM, Rinfrette ES. Trauma-informed care and mental health. Dir Psychiatry. 2011;31(3):197–212.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chapman C, Mills K, Slade T, McFarlane AC, Bryant RA, Creamer M, Silove D, Teesson M. Remission from post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. Psychol Med. 2012;42(8):1695–703.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Roberts AL, Austin SB, Corliss HL, Vandermorris AK, Koenen KC. Pervasive trauma exposure among US sexual orientation minority adults and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(12):2433–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Newheiser AK, Barreto M. Hidden costs of hiding stigma: ironic interpersonal consequences of concealing a stigmatized identity in social interactions. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2014;52:58–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Pachankis JE. The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: a cognitive-affective-behavioral model. Psychol Bull. 2007;133(2):328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Cochran BN, Balsam K, Flentje A, Malte CA, Simpson T. Mental health characteristics of sexual minority veterans. J Homosex. 2013;60(2–3):419–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Walters ML, Chen J, Breiding MJ. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 findings on victimization by sexual orientation. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. Accessed 8 June 2018. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_sofindings.pdf.

  25. Herek GM, Gillis JR, Cogan JC. Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999;67(6):945.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mays VM, Cochran SD. Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(11):1869–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Mustanski B, Andrews R, Puckett JA. The effects of cumulative victimization on mental health among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adolescents and young adults. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(3):527–33.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Andersen JP, Blosnich J. Disparities in adverse childhood experiences among sexual minority and heterosexual adults: results from a multi-state probability-based sample. Chao L, ed. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054691.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Brotman S, Ryan B, Cormier R. The health and social service needs of gay and lesbian elders and their families in Canada. Gerontologist. 2003;43(2):192–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ray CM, Tyler KA, Simons L. Risk factors for forced, incapacitated, and coercive sexual victimization among sexual minority and heterosexual male and female college students. J Interpers Violence. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518758332.

  31. When health care isn’t caring: Lambda legal’s survey of discrimination against LGBT people and people with HIV. Lambda legal. 2010. Accessed 1 June 2018. Available from: www.lambdalegal.org/health-care-report.

  32. Waters E. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and HIV-affected hate violence in 2016. National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP). 2016. Accessed 1 June 2018. Available from: https://avp.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/NCAVP_2016HateViolence_REPORT.pdf.

  33. Mallory C, Brown TNT, Conron KJ. Conversion therapy and LGBT youth. The Williams Institute. 2018. Accessed 1 June 2018. Available from: https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Conversion-Therapy-LGBT-Youth-Jan-2018.pdf.

  34. Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation. American Psychological Association, Task Force on appropriate therapeutic responses to sexual orientation. 2009. Accessed 1 June 2018. Available from: http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbc/publications/therapeutic-resp.html.

  35. Policies on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender & Queer (LGBTQ) Issues. American Medical Association. Accessed 1 June 2018. Available from: https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/policies-lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender-queer-lgbtq-issues.

  36. Sexual Orientation Change Efforts (SOCE) and Conversion therapy with lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgender persons. National Association of Social Workers, National Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues. 2015. Accessed 1 June 2018. Available from: https://www.socialworkers.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=IQYALknHU6s%3D&portalid=0.

  37. World Professional Association for Transgender Health. Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming people. 7th Ed. 2011. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.wpath.org/publications/soc.

  38. Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis P, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Gooren LJ, Meyer WJ, Spack NP, et al. Endocrine treatment of transsexual persons: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(9):3132–54. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-0345.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Obedin-Maliver J, Goldsmith ES, Stewart L, White W, Tran E, Brenman S, et al. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender–related content in undergraduate medical education. JAMA. 2011;306(9):971–7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1255.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Braun HM, Ramirez D, Zahner GJ, Gillis-Buck EM, Sheriff H, Ferrone M. An evaluation of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health education in pharmacy school curricula. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2014;6(6):752–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2014.08.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Hillenburg KL, Murdoch-Kinch CA, Kinney JS, Temple H, Inglehart MR. LGBT coverage in U.S. dental schools and dental hygiene programs: results of a national survey. J Dent Educ. 2016;80(12):1440–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Corliss HL, Shankle MD, Moyer MB. Research, curricula, and resources related to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health in US schools of public health. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(6):1023–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Seaborne LA, Prince RJ, Kushner DM. Sexual health education in U.S. physician assistant programs. J Sex Med. 2015;12(5):1158–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12879.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sanchez NF. Medical students’ ability to care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered patients. Fam Med. 2006;38(1):21–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Burke SE, Dovidio JF, Hovland CI, Przedworski JM, Hardeman RR, Perry SP, et al. Do contact and empathy mitigate bias against gay and lesbian people among heterosexual medical students? A report from medical student CHANGES. Acad Med. 2015;90(5):645–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. White W, Brenman S, Paradis E, Goldsmith ES, Lunn MR, Obedin-Maliver J. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patient care: medical students’ preparedness and comfort. Teach Learn Med. 2015;27(3):254–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2015.1044656.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Moll J, Krieger P, Moreno-Walton L, Lee B, Slaven E, James T, et al. The prevalence of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health education and training in emergency medicine residency programs: what do we know? Acad Emerg Med. 2014;21(5):608–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Smith DM, Mathews WC. Physicians’ attitudes toward homosexuality and HIV: survey of a California Medical Society- revisited (PATHH-II). J Homosex. 2007;52(3–4):1–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Petroll AE, Mosack KE. Physician awareness of sexual orientation and preventive health recommendations to men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(1):63–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181ebd50f.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Coleman TA, Bauer GR, Pugh D, Aykroyd G, Powell L, Newman R. Sexual orientation disclosure in primary care settings by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in a Canadian City. LGBT Health. 2017;4(1):42–54. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. MacDonnell JA, Grigorovich A. Gender, work, and health for trans health providers: a focus on transmen. ISRN Nursing. 2012. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/161097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Rusow JA, Burgess C, Gibbs J, Goldbach J. The role of supportive adults on sexual minority mental health symptoms and isolating behaviors. Poster presented at the Society for Social Work and Research 20th annual conference, Washington, DC. 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Durso LE, Gates GJ. Serving our youth: findings from a national survey of service providers working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. The Williams Institute with true colors fund and the palette fund. 2012. Accessed 1 June 2018. Available from: https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Durso-Gates-LGBT-Homeless-Youth-Survey-July-2012.pdf.

  54. Willis DG. Hate crimes against gay males: an overview. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2009;25(2):115–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Feltner C, Wallace I, Berkman N, et al. Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA. 2018;320(16):1688–701. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.13212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Sherin KM, Sinacore JM, Li XQ, Zitter RE, Shakil A. HITS: a short domestic violence screening tool for use in a family practice setting. Fam Med. 1998;30(7):508–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Shakil A, Donald S, Sinacore JM, Krepcho M. Validation of the HITS domestic violence screening tool with males. Fam Med. 2005;37(3):193–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. National LGBT Health Education Center. 10 things: creating inclusive health care environments for LGBT People. The Fenway Institute. 2015. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.lgbthealtheducation.org/wp-content/uploads/Ten-Things-Brief-Final-WEB.pdf.

  59. The Joint Commission. Advancing effective communication, cultural competence, and patient- and family centered care for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community: a field guide. 2011. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/LGBTFieldGuide_WEB_LINKED_VER.pdf.

  60. American Medical Association. Access to basic human services for transgender individuals H-65.964. Last modified 2017. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/Access%20to%20Basic%20Human%20Services%20for%20Transgender%20Individuals%20H-65.964?uri=%2FAMADoc%2FHOD.xml-H-65.964.xml.

  61. Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Guidelines for the primary and gender-affirming care of transgender and gender nonbinary people. 2nd ed. Deutsch MB, ed; 2016. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: www.transhealth.ucsf.edu/guidelines.

  62. Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted disease treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64(2):51–65.

    Google Scholar 

  63. National LGBT Health Education Center. Focus on forms and policy: creating an inclusive environment for LGBT patients. 2017. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.lgbthealtheducation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Forms-and-Policy-Brief.pdf.

  64. The Gender Identity in U.S. Surveillance (GenIUSS) Group. Best practices for asking questions to identify transgender and other gender minority respondents on population-based Surveys. Herman JL, editor. The Williams Institute, Los Angeles, CA; 2014. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/geniuss-report-sep-2014.pdf.

  65. Sexual Minority Assessment Research Team (SMART). Best practices for asking questions about sexual orientation on surveys. The Williams Institute; 2009. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/SMART-FINAL-Nov-2009.pdf.

  66. Cahill S, Singal R, Grasso C, King D, Mayer K, Baker K, et al. Do ask, do tell: high levels of acceptability by patients of routine collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data in four diverse American community health centers. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e107104.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. LGBT OutList. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: http://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/diversity/programs-groups/outlist.html.

  68. Outlist. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/find-a-program-or-service/lgbt-health/outlist.

  69. Dahlhamer JM, Galinsky AM, Joestl SS, Ward BW. Sexual orientation and health information technology use: a nationally representative study of US Adults. LGBT Health. 2017;4(2):121–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. GLSEN, CiPHR, & CCRC. Out online: the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender youth on the Internet. GLSEN. 2013. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/Out%20Online%20FINAL.pdf.

  71. Whitehead J, Shaver J, Stephenson R. Outness, stigma, and primary health care utilization among rural LGBT populations. Newman PA, ed. PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0146139.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Human Rights Campaign. Healthcare equality index 2017. 2017. Accessed 21 Dec 2018. Available online at: https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/HEI-2017.pdf?_ga=2.148874162.468495970.1518802432-366372500.1518802432.

  73. Veterans Health Administration. VHA directive 1340 transmittal sheet. Department of Veterans Affairs. July 6, 2017. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.patientcare.va.gov/lgbt/va_lgbt_policies.asp.

  74. Veterans Health Administration. VHA directive 2013-003. Revised Department of Veterans Affairs. January 19, 2017. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.patientcare.va.gov/lgbt/va_lgbt_policies.asp.

  75. Veterans Health Administration. VA LGBT outreach. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.patientcare.va.gov/LGBT/VA_LGBT_Outreach.asp.

  76. Veterans Health Administration. VA facilities with LGBT program websites. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.patientcare.va.gov/LGBT/VAFacilities.asp.

  77. Veterans Health Administration. Office of Diversity and Inclusion (ODI) directive and handbooks. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.diversity.va.gov/policy/diversity.aspx.

  78. Violence Recovery Program Fenway Health. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: http://fenwayhealth.org/care/behavioral-health/violence-recovery/.

  79. Transforming Ourselves Through Dialogue, Organizing and Services (TOD@S). Mission. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: http://todosinaction.org/mission/.

  80. The National LGBT Health Education Center. Fenway Health. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: http://fenwayhealth.org/the-fenway-institute/education/the-national-lgbt-health-education-center/.

  81. Cahill S, Valadéz R. Growing older with HIV/AIDS: new public health challenges. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(3):e7–e15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Landers SJ, Mimiaga MJ, Conron KJ. Sexual orientation differences in asthma correlates in a population-based sample of adults. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(12):2238–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Gender Care for Children and Adolescents. Duke Health. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.dukehealth.org/pediatric-treatments/adolescent-transgender-program.

  84. Gillis B. Clinic for transgender children and teens and children with differences in sex development. Duke Health Blog. October 25, 2016. Accessed 30 Apr 2018. Available from: https://www.dukehealth.org/blog/clinic-transgender-children-and-teens-and-children-differences-sex-development.

  85. Phillips A. The tumultuous history of North Carolina’s bathroom bill, which is on its way to repeal. The Washington Post. 2017, March 30. Accessed 2 March 2019. Available from: https://www.washington-post.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/12/19/the-tumultuous-recent-history-of-north-carolinas-bath-room-bill-which-could-be-repealed/?utm_term=.cf04f08a57ee.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University/Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Tyler R. McKinnish

  2. Instructor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Clinical Psychologist, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA

    Claire Burgess

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Clinical Psychologist, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA

    Colleen A. Sloan (Assistant Professor)

Authors
  1. Tyler R. McKinnish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Claire Burgess
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Colleen A. Sloan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Colleen A. Sloan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA

    Megan R. Gerber

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

McKinnish, T.R., Burgess, C., Sloan, C.A. (2019). Trauma-Informed Care of Sexual and Gender Minority Patients. In: Gerber, M. (eds) Trauma-Informed Healthcare Approaches. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04342-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04342-1_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04341-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04342-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation