Abstract
In this chapter, we will introduce the principles and structure of a group-delivered REBT treatment protocol designed for depressed children and adolescents. The protocol was already tested in a clinical trial, comparing group REBT, medication (i.e., sertraline), and their combination in treating youth depression by considering multiple levels of analysis (i.e., cognitive, subjective, and biological – serum serotonin and norepinephrine), and the results have already been published (Iftene, Predescu, Stefan, & David, 2015).
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Answer Key
Answer Key
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(1)
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Jonathan’s DEM: “I shouldn’t get this mark!”
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Jonathan’s GE: “I’m nothing than a worthless looser, the most stupid human being on the Earth”
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(2)
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Lucia’s depressive symptoms: she is feeling depressed and is hopeless; she seems to isolate herself and avoid her friends; her school performance worsen; she cries often
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Lucia’s irrational beliefs:
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DEM: Life should be fair.
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GE: I have been nothing but a loser, a stupid gipsy girl.
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AFW: It’s horrible! It’s awful my mom has cancer.
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LFT: I cannot stand them! It’s too much, I cannot stand the fact that my mom has cancer.
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Disputing Lucia’s irrational beliefs:
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Who says life should be fair? Always? Are there exceptions? Isn’t this belief a rigid, inflexible one? What are the proofs that life should be fair (how it is in reality?) Does it help me to think like this?
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Yes, I’m gipsy, but does this make me an inferior human being? What’s the evidence I’m stupid? Have I had any performant behaviors? Have I ever done a smart thing? What about the thing that I’m loving so much my mother? What about my school performance? What’s the evidence I’m always (with no exception) a loser? Is there any piece of evidence against it? How did I get to the conclusion that, because my mom is ill, it’s my fault? Is there any other possible explanation? How probable is that explanation? Can I ever find it out if it’s truly my fault? Does this style of thinking help me?
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Is there anything more terrible than my mom having cancer? What about having no access to treatment, nor to analgesics? What about being ill myself and not able to help her? Does it help me to think like this? How?
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What’s the evidence I cannot stand it? Does it help me to think like that?
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Alternative, rational beliefs for Lucia:
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Flexible preferences: I’d wished with my everything to have a better life, but I know and accept that I cannot control everything. I’m doing my best to have the best possible life.
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Unconditional self-acceptance: I’m a human being like anyone else. I’m equally worthy. Maybe I cannot do much, but I’m doing everything in my power for my mother. However, I’m not worthy because of that – that’s only something good I’m doing.
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Non-awfulizing: It’s very, very bad my mom got ill. It’s such a painful situation for me and for her, but I’m aware that it isn’t the worst thing in the world yet. We’ll do everything in our power to fight cancer.
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Frustration tolerance: I don’t like – actually I hate! – we must go through this. It’s very difficult for both of us, but as we go through it, it seems we can stand it, at least for now.
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How should Lucia act differently, based on her rational beliefs:
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She would look for solutions: she inquiries about treatment (what is involves, how long it is, what’s the effect on her mother, how can she help her mother), ways of supporting her mom etc.
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She would encourage her mom
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She would speak about her pain with her best friends; she would look out for help if she isn’t able to manage the emotional pain or to identify solutions
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She would be able to concentrate for her school work, given the time and resources she has
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She would cry less and feel confident she masters/controls her crying (and not the other way)
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Cândea, D. et al. (2018). Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents. In: REBT in the Treatment of Subclinical and Clinical Depression. SpringerBriefs in Psychology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03968-4_3
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