Abstract
The choice of research strategy and analysis is always determined by the research objectives as well as the relevant literature. It is important to use a suitable methodology by which the impacts of port security measures including the Container Security Initiative (CSI) on EU container seaport competition will be determined. In choosing the methodology for data collection, the available and applicable methods need to be considered first. Whether these techniques suit the research aim and objectives is another substantial consideration. The methodology for data collection and analysis will be discussed and presented in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdel-Fattah, N. (1997). Privatisation of the Road Freight Industry in Egypt and Hungary (PhD thesis). University of Plymouth, UK.
Acosta, M., Coronado, D., & Cerban, M. M. (2007). Port competitiveness in container traffic from an internal point of view: The experience of the Port of Algeciras Bay. Maritime Policy and Management, 34(5), 501–520.
Akkermans, H. A., Bogerd, P., Yucesan, E., & van Wassenhove, L. N. (2003). The impact of ERP on supply chain management: Exploratory findings from a European Delphi study. European Journal of Operational Research, 146(2), 284–301.
Aligica, P. D., & Herritt, R. (2009). Epistemology, social technology, and expert judgement: Olaf Helmer’s contribution to future research. Futures, 41(5), 253–259.
Allen, N. H. (2006). The container security initiative costs, implications and relevance to developing countries. Public Administration and Development, 26(5), 439–447.
Aronietis, R., Van de Voorde, E., & Vanelslander, T. (2010). Port Competitiveness Determinants of Selected European Ports in The Containerised Cargo Market. International Association of Maritime Economists Conference IAME (Vol. 10). Lisbon, Portugal.
Banomyong, R. (2005). The impact of port and trade security initiatives on maritime supply chain management. Maritime Policy and Management, 32(1), 3–13.
Barbour, R. (2007). Doing Focus Groups. London: Sage.
Beech, B. F. (1997). Studying the future: A Delphi survey of how multi-disciplinary clinical staff view the likely development of two community mental health centres over the course of the next two years. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25, 331–338.
Bennett, A. C., & Chin, Y. Z. (2008). 100% Container Scanning: Security Policy Implications for Global Supply Chains (Master of Science Dissertation). Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Berg, B. (1995). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. London: Allyn and Bacon.
Bichou, K. (2005). Maritime Security: Framework, Methods and Applications (Report to UNCTAD). Geneva: UNCTAD.
Bichou, K. (2008a). Security and Risk-Based Models in Shipping and Ports: Review and Critical Analysis, in ITF. Terrorism and International Transport: Towards Risk-based Security Policy. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Bichou, K. (2008b). Security of ships and shipping operations. In Talley, W. (Ed.), Ship Piracy and Security (pp. 73–88). London: Informa.
Bichou, K. (2011). Assessing the impact of procedural security on container port efficiency. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 13(1), 1–28.
Bird, J., & Bland, G. (1988). Freight forwarders speak: The perception of route competition via seaports in the European Communities Research Project. Part 1. Maritime Policy and Management, 15(1), 35–55.
Bleicher, J. (2011). Scenario Methods as a Means for Enhancing Organisational Learning: A Delphi Study (Proquest, Umi Dissertation Publishing).
Bolger, F., Stranieri, A., Wright, G., & Yearwood, J. (2011). Does the Delphi process lead to increased accuracy in group-based judgmental forecasts or does it simply induce consensus amongst judgmental forecasters? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1671–1680.
Brett, V., & Roe, M. (2010). The potential for the clustering of the maritime transport sector in the Greater Dublin Region. Maritime Policy and Management, 37(1), 1–16.
Briouig, M. (2013). Risk Management in Liquefied Natural Gas Ports and Marine Terminals Supply Chains (PhD thesis). Plymouth University, UK.
Brooks, M. (1985). An alternative theoretical approach to the evaluation of liner shipping—Part 2: Choice criteria. Maritime Policy and Management, 12(2), 145–155.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Campbell, S., Cantrill, J., & Roberts, D. (2000). Prescribing indicators for UK general practice: Delphi consultation study. British Medical Journal, 321, 425–428.
Campbell, S. M., Shield, T., Rogers, A., & Gask, L. (2004). How do stakeholder groups vary in a Delphi technique about primary mental health care and what factors influence their ratings? QualSaf Health Care, 13(6), 428–434.
CBP. (2006). Container Security Initiative: Strategic Plan 2006–2011. Available at http://www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/trade/cargo_security/csi/csi_strategic_plan.ctt/csi_strategic_plan.pdf. Accessed 30 July 2013.
CBP. (2011). Container Security Initiatives in Summary. Available at https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/documents/csi_brochure_2011_3.pdf. Accessed 7 August 2016.
CBP. (2014). CSI: Container Security Initiatives. Available at https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/ports-entry/cargo-security/csi/csi-brief. Accessed 27 August 2016.
Clayton, M. J. (1997). Delphi: A technique to harness expert opinion for critical decision-making tasks in education. Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 17(4), 373–386.
Cooper, J. C. (1994). Logistics Futures in Europe—A Delphi Study. Centre for Logistics and Transportation, Cranfield University, UK.
Cottam, H. (2012). An Analysis of Eastern European Liner Shipping During the Period of Transition (PhD thesis). Plymouth University, UK.
Cottam, H., & Roe, M. (2004). The impact of transitional changes on maritime transport in Central and Eastern Europe. Maritime Policy and Management, 31(4), 287–308.
Cottam, H., Roe, M., & Challacombe, J. (2004, January). Outsourcing of trucking activities by relief organisations. Journal of Humanitarian Assistance, 1–26.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage.
Crisp, J., Pelletier, D., Duffield, C., Adams, A., & Nagy, S. (1997). The Delphi method? Nursing Research, 46(2), 116–118.
Cullinane, K., Song, D. W., & Gray, R. (2002). A stochastic frontier model of the efficiency of major container terminals in Asia: Assessing the influence of administrative and ownership structures. Transportation Research Part A, 36, 743–762.
Cullinane, K., Wang, T., Song, D., & Ji, P. (2005). The technical efficiency of container ports: Comparing data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. Transportation Research Part A, 40(4), 354–374.
Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.
Dalkey, N. C., Rourke, D. L., Lewis, R., & Snyder, D. (1972). Studies in the Quality of Life. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Dallimore, C. (2008). Securing the Supply Chain: Does the Container Security Initiative Comply with WTO Law? (Dissertation). University of Muenster. Available at https://www.wwu-customs.de/fileadmin/downloads/pdfs/diss_dallimore.PDF. Accessed 30 January 2016.
Davidson, P., Merritt-Gray, M., Buchanan, J., & Noel, J. (1997). Voices from practice: Mental health nurses identify research priorities. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, XI(6), 340–345.
Day, J., & Bobeva, M. (2005). A generic toolkit for the successful management of Delphi studies. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methodology, 3(2), 103–116.
De Langen, P. W. (2007). Port competition and selection in contestable hinterlands: The case of Austria. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 7(1), 1–14.
De Martino, M., & Morvillo, A. (2008). Activities, resources and inter-organisational relationships: Key factors in port competitiveness. Maritime Policy and Management, 35(6), 571–589.
De Meyrick, J. (2003). The Delphi method and health research. Health Education, 103, 7–16.
Dekker, S., & Stevens, H. (2007). Maritime security in the European Union-empirical findings on financial implications for port facilities. Maritime Policy and Management, 34(5), 458–499.
Delbecq, A. L., Van de Ven, A. H., & Gustafson, D. H. (1975). Group Techniques for Program Planning: A Guide to Nominal Group and Delphi Processes. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
Dinwoodie, J., Tuck, S., & Rigot-Müller, P. (2013). Maritime oil freight flows to 2050: Delphi perceptions of maritime specialists. Energy Policy, 63(3), 553–561.
Dinwoodie, J., Landamore, M., & Rigot-Muller, P. (2014). Dry bulk shipping flows to 2050: Delphi perceptions of early career specialists. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 88, 64–75.
Donner, M., & Kruk, C. (2009). Supply Chain Security Guide. The World Bank/DFID, 1, pp. 1–107. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRAL/Resources/SCS_Guide_Final.pdf. Accessed 20 April 2016.
Elgarhy, A. M. (2016). An Analysis of Policy Making for Dry Port Location Capacity: A Case Study on Alexandria (PhD thesis). University of Plymouth, UK.
Flick, U. (2009). Managing Quality in Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
Fowles, J. (1978). Handbook of Futures Research. Westport, CO: Greenwood Press.
Frankel, E. G. (1992). Hierarchical logic in shipping policy and decision-making. Maritime Policy and Management, 19(3), 211–221.
Geist, M. R. (2010). Using the Delphi method to engage stakeholders: A comparison of two studies. Evaluation and Programme Planning, 33(2), 147–154.
Gibbs, G. (2008). Analysing Qualitative Data (Qualitative Research Kit). London: Sage.
Gnatzy, T., Warth, J., der Gracht, Von, & Darkow, I.-L. (2011). Validating an innovative real-time Delphi approach—A methodological comparison between real-time and conventional Delphi studies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1681–1694.
Goluchowicz, K., & Blind, K. (2011). Identification of future fields of standardisation: An explorative application of the Delphi methodology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1526–1541.
Goodman, C. M. (1987). The Delphi technique: A critique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 12, 729–734.
Greatorex, J., & Dexter, T. (2000). An accessible analytical approach for investigating what happens between the rounds of a Delphi study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1016–1024.
Green, B., Jones, M., & Hughes, D. (1999). Applying the Delphi technique in a study of GPs information requirement. Health and Social Care in the Community, 7(3), 198–205.
Grix, J. (2004). The Foundations of Research. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Grosso, M., & Monteiro, F. (2008). Relevant Strategic Criteria When Choosing a Container Port—The Case of the Port of Genoa. European Transport Conference 2008.
Gupta, U. G., & Clarke, R. E. (1996). Theory and applications of the Delphi technique: A bibliography (1975–1994). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 53(2), 185–211.
Guy, E., & Urli, B. (2006). Port selection and multi criteria analysis: An application to Montreal-New York alternative. Maritime Economic and Logistics, 8(2), 169–186.
Ha, M. S. (2003). A comparison of service quality at major container ports: Implications for Korean ports. Journal of Transport Geography, 11, 131–137.
Haezendonck, E., & Notteboom, T. (2002). The competitive advantage of seaports. In M. Huybrechts, et al. (Eds.), Port Competitiveness: An Economic and Legal Analysis of the Factors Determining the Competitiveness of Seaports (pp. 67–87). De Boeck: Antwerp.
Hanafin, S. (2004). Review of Literature on the Delphi Technique. Available at https://www.dcya.gov.ie/documents/publications/Delphi_Technique_A_Literature_Review.pdf. Accessed 26 April 2018.
Hannes, K., & Lockwood, C. (2012). Synthesizing Qualitative Research: Choosing the Right Approach (Vol. 1). London: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & Mckenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015.
Hsu, C. C., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: Making sense of consensus. Practical Assessment Research and Evaluation, 12(10), 2.
Hussler, C., Muller, P., & Ronde, P. (2011). Is diversity in Delphi panellist groups useful? Evidence from a French forecasting exercise on the future of nuclear energy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1642–1653.
Iqbal, S., & Pipon-Young, L. (2009). The Delphi method. Psychologist, 22(7), 598–601.
Islam, D. M. Z., Dinwoodie, J., & Roe, M. (2006). Promoting development through multimodal freight transport in Bangladesh. Transport Reviews, 26(5), 571–591.
Kapoor, P. (1987). A Systems Approach to Documentary Maritime Fraud (PhD thesis). University of Plymouth, UK.
Keeney, S., Hasson, F., & Mckenna, H. P. (2001). A critical review of the Delphi technique as a research methodology for nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 38, 195–200.
Kent, P., & Ashar, A. (2001). Port competition regulation: A tool for monitoring for anticompetitive behaviour. International Journal of Maritime Economics, 3, 27–51.
Koch, C. (2002). Testimony Before the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. Available at http://www.house.gov/transportation/cgmt/03-13-02/koch.html. Accessed 13 March 2016.
Kumar, S., & Rajan, V. (2002). An analysis of intermodal transport carrier selection criteria for Pacific-Rim imports to New England. Journal of Transportation Management, 13(1), 19–27.
Lai, V. S., Wong, B. K., & Cheung, W. (2002). Group decision-making in a multiple criteria environment: A case using the AHP in software selection. European Journal of Operational Research, 137, 134–144.
Landeta, J., Barrutia, J., & Lertxundi, A. (2011). Hybrid Delphi: Methodology to facilitate contribution from experts in professional contexts. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1629–1641.
Leachman, R. C. (2008). Port and modal allocation of waterborne containerized imports from Asia to the United States. Transportation Research Part E, 44(2), 313–331.
Liimatainen, H., Kallionpää, E., Pöllänen, M., Stenholm, P., Tapio, P., & McKinnon, A. (2014). Decarbonizing road freight in the future—Detailed scenarios of the carbon emissions of Finnish road freight transport in 2030 using a Delphi method approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 81(1), 177–191.
Limao, N., & Venables, A. J. (2001). Infrastructure, geographical disadvantage, transport costs and trade. The World Bank Economic Review, 15(3), 451–479.
Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (2002). The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. Available at http://is.njit.edu/pubs/delphibook/delphibook.pdf. Accessed 7 July 2013.
Lirn, T. C., Thanopoulou, H. A., Beynon, M. J., & Beresford, A. K. C. (2004). An application of AHP on transhipment port selection: A global perspective. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 6(1), 70–91.
Lloyd’s List. (2014). Top 20 European Ports. Available at https://www.lloydslist.com/ll/incoming/article431990.ece. Accessed 25 May 2015.
Ludwig, B. (1997). Predicting the future: Have you considered using the Delphi methodology? Journal of Extension, 35(5), 1–4.
Machalaba, D. (2001, July 9). US Ports Are Losing the Battle to Keep Up with Overseas Trade. The Wall Street Journal. 2001. Available at http://www.nc.gsu.edu/_ecojxm/7030/notes/articles/w070901.htm. Accessed 2 December 2016.
Makukha, K., & Gray, R. (2004). Logistics partnerships between shippers and logistics service providers: The relevance of strategy. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 7(4), 361–377.
Malchow, M., & Kanafani, A. (2001). A disaggregate analysis of factors influencing port selection. Maritime Policy and Management, 28(3), 265–277.
Malchow, M. B., & Kanafani, A. (2004). A disaggregate analysis of port selection. Transportation Research Part E, 40, 317–337.
Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., & Gardner, B. (2002). Modelling port/ferry choice in RoRo freight transportation. International Journal of Transport Management, 1(1), 15–28.
Martonosi, S. E., Ortiz, D. S., & Willis, H. H. (2005). Evaluating the viability of 100 percent container inspections at America’s ports, in Richardson, H. W., Gordon, P., & Moore, J. E. II (Eds.), The Economic Impacts of Terrorist Attacks. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
Mason, K. J., & Alamdari, F. (2007). EU network carriers, low cost carriers and consumer behaviour: A Delphi study of future trends. Journal of Air Transport Management, 13(5), 299–310.
McKenna, H. (1994). The Delphi technique: A worthwhile research approach for nursing? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19, 1221–1225.
Meersman, H., Pauwels, T., Van de Voorde, E., & Vanelslander, T. (2008). The Relation Between Port Competition and Hinterland Connections: The Case of the ‘Iron Rhine’ and the ‘Betuweroute’, International Forum on Shipping, Ports and Airports (IFSPA 2008)—Trade-Based Global Supply Chain and Transport Logistics Hubs: Trends and Future Development, Hong Kong.
Metaparti, P. (2010). Rhetoric, rationality and reality in post-9/11 maritime security. Maritime Policy and Management, 37(7), 723–736.
Millar, G. (2001). The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: Results of a Delphi survey of tourism researchers. Tourism Management, 22, 351–362.
Murphy, P. R., & Daley, J. M. (1994). A framework for applying logistical segmentation. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 24(10), 13–19.
Murphy, P. R., Daley, J. M., & Dalenberg, D. R. (1992). Port selection criteria: An application of a transportation research framework. Logistics and Transportation Review, 28, 237–255.
Myers, M. D. (2008). Qualitative Research in Business and Management. London: Sage.
Neuman, W. L. (2011). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston, MA: Allyn & Baker.
Nir, A., Lin, K., & Liang, G. (2003). Port choice behaviour-from the perspective of the shipper. Maritime Policy and Management, 30(2), 165–173.
Notteboom, T. (2012). Dynamics in Port Competition in Europe: Implications for North Italian Ports. Workshop ‘I porti del Nord’-Milan, 18 April.
Notteboom, T., & Yap, W. Y. (2012). Port competition and competitiveness, in Talley, W. (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics (pp. 549–570). West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Nowack, M., Endrikat, J., & Guenther, E. (2011). Review of Delphi-based scenario studies: Quality and design considerations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1603–1615.
OECD. (2003). Maritime Transport Committee Security in Maritime Transport: Risk Factors and Economic Impact. Available at https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/4375896.pdf.
Okoli, C., & Pawlowski, S. D. (2004). The Delphi method as a research tool: An example, design considerations and applications. Information & Management, 42, 15–29.
Parente, R., & Anderson-Parente, J. (2011). A case study of long-term Delphi accuracy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1705–1711.
Parliament of Australia. (2003). The US Container Security Initiative and Its Implications for Australia. Available at http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/Publications_Archive/CIB/cib0203/03cib27.
Parsons, J., Dinwoodie, J., & Roe, M. (2011). Northern opportunities: A strategic review of Canada’s Arctic icebreaking services. Marine Policy, 35(4), 549–556.
Piecyk, M. I., & McKinnon, A. (2009). Environmental Impact of Road Freight Transport in 2020: Full Report of a Delphi Survey. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University.
Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Hungler, B. P. (2001). Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.
Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: Myths and realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4), 376–382.
Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (2011). The Delphi technique: Past, present and future prospects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9), 1487–1490.
Rowe, G., Wright, G., & McColl, A. (2005). Judgment change during Delphi-like procedures: The role of majority influence, expertise and confidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 72, 377–399.
Rubie-Davies, C. M. (2007). Classroom interactions: Exploring the practices of high and low expectation teachers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 289–306.
Sackman, H. (1975). Delphi Critique. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Saldanha, J., & Gray, R. (2002). The potential for British coastal shipping in a multimodal chain. Maritime Policy and Management, 29(1), 77–92.
Sanchez, R., Hoffmann, J., Micco, A., Pizzolitto, G., Sguti, M., & Wilmsmeier, G. (2003). Port efficiency and international trade: Port efficiency as a determinant of maritime transport costs. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 5, 199–218.
Schuckmann, S. W., Gnatzy, T., Darkow, I., & von der Gracht, H. A. (2012). Analysis of factors influencing the development of transport infrastructure until the year 2030—A Delphi based scenario study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(8), 1373–1387.
Seuring, S., & Müller, M. (2008). From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(15), 1699–1710.
Sharkey, S. B., & Sharples, A. (2003). The impact on work-related stress of mental health teams following team-based learning on clinical risk management. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 10(1), 73–81.
Shintani, K., Imai, A., Nishimura, E., & Papadimitriou, S. (2007). The container shipping network design problem with empty container repositioning. Transportation Research Part E, 43(1), 39–59.
Silverman, D. (2011). Interpreting Qualitative Research. London: Sage.
Sindi, S. H. O. (2016). Development of a Multi-Dimensional Matrix for Supply Chain Management (PhD thesis). Plymouth Uiversity, UK.
Slack, B. (1985). Containerisation inter-port competition and port selection. Maritime Policy and Management, 12(4), 293–303.
Song, D. W., & Yeo, K.-T. (2004). A competitive analysis of Chinese container ports using the analytic hierarchy process. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 6, 34–52.
Sumsion, T. (1998). The Delphi technique: An adaptive research tool. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(4), 153–156.
Thai, V. V. (2007). Impacts of security improvements on service quality in maritime transport: An empirical study of Vietnam. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 9(4), 335–356.
Tiwari, P., Itoh, H., & Doi, M. (2003). Shippers’ port and carrier selection behaviour in China: A discrete choice analysis. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 5(1), 23–39.
Tongzon, J. (1995). Determinants of port performance and efficiency. Transportation Research Part A, 29(3), 245–252.
Tongzon, J. L. (2009). Port choice and freight forwarders. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 45(1), 186–195.
Tongzon, J., & Heng, W. (2005). Port privatisation, efficiency and competitiveness: Some empirical evidence from container ports (terminals). Transportation Research Part A, 39(5), 405–424.
Tongzon, J. L., & Sawant, L. (2007). Port choice in a competitive environment: From the shipping lines’ perspective. Applied Economics, 39, 477–492.
Turoff, M., & Hiltz, S. R. (1996). Computer based Delphi processes. In M. Adler & E. Ziglio (Eds.), Gazing into the Oracle: The Delphi and Its Application to Social Policy and Public Health. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Tzeng, G., Teng, M., Chen, J., & Opricovic, S. (2002). Multicriteria selection for a restaurant location in Taipei. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 21, 171–187.
Ugboma, C., Ugboma, O., & Ogwude, I. C. (2006). An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to port selection decisions—Empirical evidence from Nigerian ports. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 8(3), 251–266.
UNCTAD. (2003, February 24–28). Report on the Expert Meeting on Efficient Transport and Trade Facilitation to Improve Participation by Developing Countries in International Trade: Problems and Potential for the Application of Current Trade Facilitation Measures by Developing Countries. Trade and Development Board. Commission on Enterprise, Business Facilitation and Development Seventh session, Geneva, pp. 2–9.
van Zolingen, S. J., & Klaassen, C. A. (2003). Selection processes in a Delphi study about key qualifications in senior secondary vocational education. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 70(4), 317–340.
Veldman, S., & Buckmann, E. H. (2003). A model on container port competition: An application for the West European container hub-ports. Maritime Economics and Logistics, 5, 3–22.
von der Gracht, H. A. (2008). The Future of Logistics: Scenarios for 2025. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
Wang, C. C., Wang, Y., Zhang, K., Fang, J., Liu, W., Luo, S., et al. (2003). Reproductive health indicators for China’s rural areas. Social Science and Medicine, 57(2), 217–225.
Warner, L. (2014). Using the Delphi Technique to Achieve Consensus: A Tool for Guiding Extension Programmes. Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, UF/IFAS Extension, AEC521.
Watkins, J. (2011). Shaping the Future of Northeast Michigan: Utilising the Delphi Method to Inform Planning Scenario Construction. Milton Keynes, UK: Lightning Source UK Ltd.
Wechsler, W. (1978). Delphi-Methode, Gestaltung und Potential für betriebliche Prognoseprozesse. Schriftenreihe Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Forschung und Entwicklung, München. p. 23.
Wengraf, T. (2004). Qualitative Research Interviewing: Biographic Narrative and Semi-Structured Methods. London: Sage.
Whitman, N. (1990). The committee meeting alternative: Using The Delphi technique. Journal of Nursing Administration, 20(7), 30–36.
Wiegmans, B. W., Van Der Hoest, A., & Notteboom, T. E. (2008). Port and terminal selection by deep-sea container operators. Maritime Policy and Management, 35(6), 517–534.
Williams, P., & Webb, C. (1994). The Delphi technique: A methodological discussion. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19, 180–186.
Yap, W., & Lam, J. (2006a). Competition dynamics between container ports in East Asia. Transportation Research Part A, 40(1), 35–51.
Yap, W., & Lam, J. (2006b). A measurement and comparison of cost competitiveness of container ports in South East Asia. Transportation, 33, 641–654.
Yeo, G. T. (2007). Port Competitiveness in North East Asia: An Integrated Fuzzy Approach to Expert Evaluations (PhD thesis). Plymouth University, UK.
Yeo, G., Pak, J., & Yang, Z. (2013). Analysis of dynamic effects on seaports adopting port security policy. Transportation Research Part A, 49, 285–301.
Zeedick, D. (2011). The Modified Delphi Method to Analyse the Application of Instructional Design Theory to Online Graduate Education (Proquest, Umi Dissertation Publishing).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zhang, X., Roe, M. (2019). Research Methodology for Container Port Security. In: Maritime Container Port Security. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03825-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03825-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03824-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03825-0
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)