Abstract
This chapter introduces the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the United Nations Agenda 2030 “Transforming Our World” as the background for exploring the notion of stewardship of sustainability transformations. It describes the world’s sustainability challenges, which range from climate change to ecosystem decline and from energy insecurity to water scarcity, as systemic in nature. The chapter subsequently suggests that the interdependence of the challenges requires a new approach to implementing the Agenda 2030. It emphasizes that a systems view of life could potentially incorporate shifts in perspective from the parts to the whole, from silo thinking to networked collective action, and from fixation on economic growth rates to revisiting the purpose of measurements. This leads to a chapter overview that summarizes the flow of the books argument toward an emerging theory and practice of sustainability transformations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Source: Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. Accessed on 17th July 2017: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org
- 2.
The author of this publication follows Avelino et al. (2014) in the understanding that the concept of transformation needs to be distinguished from the concept of “transition.” “A transition is defined as radical change that follows a particular nonlinear path, typically over a period of one to two generations. Such societal transition can be considered a type of societal transformation. However, not all societal transformations necessarily follow such a transition path. As such, societal transformation as a concept is broader than the concept of societal transitions” (Avelino et al. 2014, p. 18).
References
Ackoff, R. L. (1998). A systemic view of transformational leadership. Systematic Practice and Action Research, 11(1), 23–36.
Alexander, C. (2004). The nature of order. An essay on the art of building and the nature of the universe: Book IV – The Luminous Ground. Berkeley, CA: The Center for Environmental Structure.
Allen, K. E., Stelzner, S. P., & Wielkiewicz, R. W. (1999). The ecology of leadership: Adapting to the challenges of a changing world. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 5(2), 62–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179199900500207.
Atkinson, A. B. (2015). Inequality: What can be done. London: Harvard University Press.
Austin, J., & Bartunek, J. (2003). Theories and practices of organization development. In W. Borman, D. Ilgen, & R. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, Vol. 12: Industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 309–332). New York: Wiley.
Avelino, F., Wittmayer, J. M., O’Riordan, T., Haxeltine, A., Weaver, P., Kemp, R., Loorbach, D., & Rotmans, J. (2014). Gamechangers and transformative social innovation. The case of the economic crisis and tranformative social innovation. TRANSIT Working Paper, TRANSIT: EU SSH.2013.3.2-1 Grant agreement no: 613169.
Bäckstrand, K. (2006). Multi-stakeholder partnerships for sustainable development: Rethinking legitimacy, accountability and effectiveness. European Environment, 16(5), 290–306.
Bai, X., van der Leeuw, S., O’Brien, K., Berkhout, F., Biermann, F., Brondizio, E. S., & Revkin, A. (2016). Plausible and desirable futures in the Anthropocene: A new research agenda. Global Environmental Change, 39, 351–362.
Barbour, I. G. (1999). Neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and human nature: Theological and philosophical reflections. Zygon, 34(3), 361–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/0591-2385.00222.
Beinhocker, E. D. (2007). The origin of wealth: Evolution, complexity, and the radical remaking of economics. London: Random House Business.
Bernstein, M., & Linsky, M. (2016). Leading change through adaptive design, Stanford Social Innovation review, Retrieved from https://ssir.org/articles/entry/leading_change_through_adaptive_design
Berry, T. (1988). The dream of the Earth. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.
Biesta, G. J., & Mirón, L. F. (2002). The new discourses on educational leadership: An introduction. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 21(2), 101–107.
Black, R., Bennett, S. R. G., Thomas, S. M., & Beddington, J. R. (2011). Climate change: Migration as adaptation. Nature, 478(7370), 447–449.
Bøås, M., & McNeill, D. (Eds.). (2004). Global institutions and development: Framing the world? London/New York: Routledge.
Bowles, S., & Gintis, H. (2011). A cooperative species: Human reciprocity and its evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Brown, L. R. (2011). World on edge: How to prevent environmental and economic collapse. New York: Norton.
Burns, D. (2015). Navigating complexity in international development: Facilitating sustainable change at scale. Rugby: Practical Action.
Burns, H., Diamond-Vaught, H., & Bauman, C. (2015). Leadership for sustainability: Theoretical foundations and pedagogical practices that foster change. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 9(1), 131–143.
Buss, D. M., & Craik, K. H. (1983). Contemporary worldviews: Personal and policy implications. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 13(3), 280–295.
Camacho, L. (2015). Sustainable development goals: Kinds, connections and expectations. Journal of Global Ethics, 11(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2015.1010097.
Capra, F. (1982). The turning point: Science, society and the rising culture. New York: Bantam Books.
Capra, F., & Luisi, P. L. (2014). The system’s view of life: A unifying vision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Choi, T. Y., Dooley, K. J., & Rungtusanatham, M. (2001). Supply networks and complex adaptive systems: Control versus emergence. Journal of Operations Management, 19(3), 351–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(00)00068-1.
Collier, J., & Esteban, R. (2000). Systemic leadership: Ethical and effective. Leadership, & Organization Development Journal, 21(4), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730010335454.
Constanza, R., & Kubiszewski, I. (Eds.). (2014). Creating a sustainable and desirable future: Insights from 45 global thought leaders. New York: World Scientific.
Donaldson, T. (2012). The epistemic fault line in corporate governance. Academy of Management Review, 37(2), 256–271.
Dooley, K. J. (1997). A complex adaptive systems model of organization change. Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences, 1(1), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022375910940.
Ferdig, M. A. (2007). Sustainability leadership: Co-creating a sustainable future. Journal of Change Management, 7(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697010701233809.
Finidori, H. (2015). Purplsoc Conference 2015 Plast (Pattern Languages for Systemic Transformation): A fourth generation pattern language, Free Knowledge Institute, Retrieved from http://www.purplsoc.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/45_PLAST_A-Fourth-Generation-Pattern-Language.pdf
Finidori, H. (2016). Patterns that connect: Potential of pattern/languages for sustainable futures – Model Report: Systems Thinking, Modeling and Simulation News. Retrieved from https://model.report/s/mjmowj/patterns_that_connect_potential_of_pattern_languages_for_sustainable_futures_-_finidori
Folke, C., Hahn, T., Olsson, P., & Norberg, J. (2005). Adaptive governance of social–ecological systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 30, 441–473.
Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2002). Happiness and economics: How the economy and institutions affect wellbeing. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Friedrich, T. L., Vessey, W. B., Schuelke, M. J., Ruark, G. A., & Mumford, M. D. (2009). A framework for understanding collective leadership: The selective utilization of leader and team expertise within networks. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(6), 933–958.
Friedrich, J., Fetzer, I., & Cornell, S. (2016). Modelling for planetary boundaries: a network analysis of representations of complex human-environmental interactions in integrated global models. In EGU general assembly conference abstracts. Vol. 18, p. 18394–18349.
Fullerton, J. (2015). Regenerative capitalism: How universal principles and patterns will shape our new economy. Capital Institute: Future of Finance Publication [online publication]. Retrieved from http://capitalinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-Regenerative-Capitalism-4-20-15-final.pdf
Future Earth. (2013). Future Earth initial design: Report of the transition team. Paris: International Council for Science.
Future Earth. (2014). Strategic research agenda 2014. Priorities for a global sustainability research strategy. Paris: International Council for Science.
Gergen, K. (2009). Relational being: Beyond self and community. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gergen, K. J. (2015). From mirroring to world-making: Research as future forming. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 45(3), 287–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12075.
Godfray, H. C. J., Beddington, J. R., Crute, J. I., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J. F., & Toulmin, C. (2010). Food security: The challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327(5967), 812–818.
Goepel, M. (2016). The great mindshift. How a new economic paradigm and sustainability transformations go hand in hand. New York: Springer International Publishing.
Gray, L. C., & Moseley, W. G. (2005). A geographical perspective on poverty–environment interactions. The Geographical Journal, 171(1), 9–23.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1998). The power of servant leadership. San Francisco: Berret-Koehler Publishers.
Gronn, P. (2002). Distributed leadership as unit of analysis. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(4), 423–451.
Hajiran, H. (2006). Toward a quality of life theory: Net domestic product of happiness. Social Indicators Research, 75, 31–43.
Hanleybrown, F., Kania, J., & Kramer, M. (2012). Channeling change: Making collective impact work. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 9(1), 1–8.
Hausschildt, J., & Kirchmann, E. (2001). Teamwork for innovation: The troika of promoters. R&D Management, 31(1), 44–49.
Hay, I. (Ed.). (2013). Geographies of the super-rich. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
HayGroup. (2014). Leadership 2030: Building the New Leader. Retrieved from http://www.haygroup.com/downloads/MicroSites/L2030/Hay_Group_Leadership_2030%20w hitepaper_2014.pdf
Hayward, R., Lee, J., Keeble, J., McNamara, R., Hall, C., Cruse, S., …, & Robinson, E. (2013). The UN global compact-Accenture CEO study on sustainability. UN Global Compact Reports, 5(3), 1–60.
Hotes, R. W. (2011). Organization development in the 21st century: an organizational behavior, organization development and process consultation guide. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse Inc, Bloomington Publisher.
Innes, J. E., & Booher, D. E. (1999). Consensus building and complex adaptive systems: A framework for evaluating collaborative planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 65(4), 412–423.
Isaacs, W. (1999). Dialogue and the art of thinking together: A pioneering approach to communicating in business and in life. New York: Currency Doubleday.
Jaworski, J. (1996). Synchronicity: The inner path of leadership. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
Kania, J., & Kramer, M. (2011). Collective impact. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 9(1), 36–41.
Kaul, I. (2013). Global public goods: a concept for framing the post-2015 agenda? (Discussion Paper). Retrieved from German Development Institute website: http://www.die-gdi.de/CMS-Homepage/openwebcms3.nsf/%28ynDK_contentByKey%29/ANES-959D4N/$FILE/DP%202.2013.pdf
Korten, D. C. (2015). Change the story, change the future: A living economy for a living earth. Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
KPMG International, De Boer, Y., & van Bergen, B. (2012). Expect the unexpected: Building business value in a changing world. Amsterdam: KPMG International.
Kritz, M. (1987). International migration policies: Conceptual problems. International Migration Review, 21(4), 947–964.
Kuenkel, P. (2008). Mind and heart: Mapping your personal journey towards leadership for sustainability. Potsdam: Collective Leadership Institute.
Kuenkel, P. (2015). Navigating change in complex multi-actor settings: A practice approach to better collaboration. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 58, 119–137.
Kuenkel, P. (2016). The art of leading collectively: How we can co-create a sustainable, socially just future. Claremont, NH: Chelsea Green.
Kuenkel, P., & Schaefer, K. (2013). Shifting the way we co-create: How we can turn the challenges of sustainability into opportunities, Collective Leadership Studies No 1. Potsdam: The Collective Leadership Institute.
Le Blanc, D. (2015). Towards integration at last? The sustainable development goals as a network of targets. Sustainable Development, 23(3), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1582.
Leach, M., Scoones, I., & Stirling, A. (2010). Dynamic sustainabilities: Technology, environment, social justice (pathways to sustainability). Washington, DC: Earthscan.
Lichtenstein, B. B., Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., Seers, A., Orton, J. D., & Schreiber, C. (2007). Complexity leadership theory: An interactive perspective on leading in complex adaptive systems. In E. J. K. Hazy, J. A. Goldstein, & B. B. Lichtenstein (Eds.), Complex systems leadership theory: New perspectives from complexity science and organizational effectiveness (pp. 129–144). Mansfield, MA: ISCE Publishing.
Liening, A. (2013). The breakdown of the traditional mechanistic worldview, the development of complexity sciences and the pretence of knowledge in economics. Modern Economy, 4, 305–319. https://doi.org/10.4236/me.2013.44034.
Lovins, H. A. (2012). The way out: Kick-starting capitalism to save our economic ass. In H. Lovins & B. Cohen (Eds.), The way out: Kick-starting capitalism to save our economic ass. New York: Hill and Wang.
Low, K. C. P. (2011). Confucius, the value of benevolence and what’s in it for humanity? (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. ID 1960366). Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1960366
Maak, T., & Pless, N. M. (2009). Business leaders as citizens of the world. Advancing humanism on a global scale. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(3), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0122-0.
Marion, R., & Uhl-Bien, M. (2001). Leadership in complex organizations. The Leadership Quarterly, 12(4), 389–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(01)00092-3.
Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1987). The tree of knowledge: Roots of human understanding. London: New Science Library.
Meadows, D. (1994). Envisioning a sustainable world. In R. Constanza, O. Segura, & J. Martinez-Alier (Eds.), Getting down to Earth: Practical applications of ecological economics (pp. 117–126). Washington, DC: Island Press.
Meadows, D. (1999). Leverage points: Places to intervene into a system. Hartland, VT: Sustainability Institute.
Meadows, D., Meadows, D., Randers, J., & Behrens, W. (1972). The limits to growth: A report for the Club of Rome’s project on the predicament of mankind. London: Earth Island Limited.
Meadows, D., Randers, J., & Meadows, D. (2004). Limits to growth: the 30-year update. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green.
Nucci, L. P., & Narvaez, D. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of moral and character education. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
O’Connor, D., & Yballe, L. (2007). Maslow revisited: Constructing a road map of human nature. Journal of Management Education, 31(6), 738–756.
OECD. (2015). System innovation. Synthesis report. Retrieved from 30, June 2017 https://www.innovationpolicyplatform.org/sites/default/files/general/SYSTEMINNOVATION_FINALREPORT.pdf
Ospina, S., Foldy, W., Hadidy, E. I., Dodge, J., Hofmann-Pinilla, A., & Su, C. (2012). Social change leadership as relational leadership. In M. Uhl-Bien & S. Ospina (Eds.), Advancing relational leadership research: A dialogue among perspectives, Leadership Horizons Series. Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
Patscheke, S., Barmettler, A., Herman, L., Overdyke, S., & Pfitzer, M. (2014). Shaping global partnerships for a post 2015 world. Stanford Social Innovation Review. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.
Pattberg, P., & Widerberg, O. (2014). Transnational multi-stakeholder partnerships for sustainable development. Building blocks for success. IVM Report, R-14/31. Amsterdam: Institute for Environmental Studies.
Pattberg, P., Biermann, F., Chan, S., & Mert, A. (Eds.). (2012). Public-private partnerships for sustainable development. Emergence, influence and legitimacy. Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Peltoniemi, M., & Vuori, E. (2005). Business ecosystem as the new approach to complex adaptive business environments. In M. Seppä, M. Hannula, A. M. Järvelin, J. Kujala, M. Ruohonen, & T. Tiainen (Eds.), Frontiers of e-Business Research 2004, Conference proceedings of eBRF (Vol. 2004, pp. 267–281). Tampere: Tampere University of Technology and University of Tampere.
Pirson, M. (2012). Social entrepreneurs as the paragons of shared value creation? A critical perspective. Social Enterprise Journal, 8(1), 31–48.
Pirson, M., & Lawrence, P. (2015). Economistic and humanistic narratives of leadership in the age of globality: Toward a renewed Darwinian theory of leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(2), 383–394.
Pór, G. (2008). Collective intelligence and collective leadership: twin paths to beyond chaos. A PrimaVera working paper, Universiteit van Amsterdam, All Sprouts Content. Retrieved from http://sprouts.aisnet.org/8-2/
Probst, G. J. B., & Bassi, A. (2014). Tackling complexity: A systemic approach for decision makers. Sheffield: Green Leaf Publishing.
Rockström, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson, Å., Chapin, F. S., III, Lambin, E., & Foley, J. (2009). Planetary boundaries: Exploring the safe operating space for humanity. Ecology and Society, 14(2), 32.
Rotmans, J., & Loorbach, D. (2010). Towards a better understanding of transitions and their governance: A systemic and reflexive approach. In J. Grin, J. Rotmans, & J. Schot (Eds.), Transitions to sustainable development: New directions in the study of long term transformative change (pp. 105–222). New York: Routledge.
Sahtouris, E., & Lovelock, J. E. (2000). Earthdance: Living systems in evolution. San Jose, CA: iUniverse.
Scharmer, O., & Kaufer, K. (2013). Leading from the emerging future: From ego-system to ecosystem economies. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.
Senge, P., Hamilton, H., & Kania, J. (2015). The dawn of system leadership (Vol. 13, pp. 27–33). Stanford Social Innovation Review.
Snowden, D. (2015). Propensities and dispositions. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 58, 41–44.
Snowden, D. J., & Boone, M. E. (2007). A leader’s framework for decision making. Harvard Business Review, 85(11), 68–76.
Stacey, R. D. (1995). The science of complexity: An alternative perspective for strategic change processes. Strategic Management Journal, 16(6), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250160606.
Steffen, W., Rockström, J., Richardson, K., Lenton, T. M., Folke, C., Liverman, D., Summerhayes, C. P., Barnosky, A. D., Cornell, S. E., Crucifix, M., Donges, J. F., Fetzer, I., Lade, S. J., Scheffer, M., Winkelmann, R., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2018). Trajectories of the earth system in the anthropocene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(33), 8252–8259. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810141115.
Svensson, G., & Wood, G. (2006). Sustainable components of leadership effectiveness in organizational performance. Journal of Management Development, 25(6), 522–534.
Timmer, D., Creech, H., & Buckler, C. (2008). Supporting the next generation of sustainability leadership. International Institute for Sustainable Development: Winnipeg. Retrieved from: www.iisd.org/pdf/2008/support_next_gen_leaders.pdf
TWI2050 – The World in 2050. (2018). Transformations to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Report prepared by The World in 2050 initiative. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria. www.twi2050.org
United Nations. (2014a). A new global partnership: Eradicate poverty and transform economies through sustainable development. New York: United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/sg/management/pdf/HLP_P2015_Report.pdf. Accessed June 23, 2017.
United Nations. (2014b). The road to dignity by 2030: Ending poverty, transforming all lives and protecting the planet. New York: United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/reports/SG_Synthesis_Report_Road_to_Dignity_by_2030.pdf. Accessed June 23, 2017.
Van Tulder, R., & Pfisterer, S. (2013). Creating partnership space: Exploring the right fit for sustainable development partnerships. In M. M. Seitanidi & A. Crane (Eds.), Social partnerships and responsible business. A research handbook. London: Routledge.
Varela, F. J. (1999). Ethical know-how: Action, wisdom, and cognition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Waddell, S. (2003). Global action networks. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 3(12), 27–42.
Waddell, S. (2011). Global action networks: Creating our future together. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Waddell, S., Waddock, S., Cornell, S., Dentoni, D., McLachlan, M., & Meszoely, G. (2015). Large systems change: An emerging field of transformation and transitions. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, 58, 5–30.
Waddell, S. (2016a). Change for the audacious: A doers’ guide to large systems change for a flourishing future. Boston, MA: Networking Action.
Waddell, S. (2016b). Societal change systems: A framework to address wicked problems. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 52(4), 422–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886316666374.
Waddock, S. (2005). Hollow men and women at the helm: Hollow accounting ethics? Issues in Accounting Education, 20(2), 145–150. https://doi.org/10.2308/iace.2005.20.2.145.
Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 303–319.
Waddock, S., Meszoely, G. M., Waddell, S., & Dentoni, D. (2015). The complexity of wicked problems in large scale change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(6), 993–1012. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-08-2014-0146.
Weber, A. (2013). Enlivenment. Towards a fundamental shift in the concepts of nature, culture and politics. Berlin: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung.
Weber, A. (2016). Biology of wonder: Aliveness, feeling and the metamorphosis of science. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, Canada.
Wheatley, M. J., & Kellner-Rogers, M. (1996). A simpler way. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Wheatley, M. (1999). Leadership and the new science, discovering order in a chaotic world. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Wilkinson, A., & Eidinow, E. (2008). Evolving practices in environmental scenarios: A new scenario typology. Environmental Research Letters, 3(4), 045017.
World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kuenkel, P. (2019). Introduction and Context: The State of the World. In: Stewarding Sustainability Transformations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03691-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03691-1_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03690-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03691-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)