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Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi from Diverse Niches and Their Biotechnological Applications

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Book cover Advances in Endophytic Fungal Research

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

Abstract

Microbes colonizing the inner part of plants, viz., root, stem, or seeds, are referred to as endophytes. Diverse groups of microbes (archaea, bacteria, and eukarya) have been reported as niche-specific endophytes allied with different crop ecosystems. Among the diverse groups, endophytic fungi may play a biological role with their host plant for different attributes. Endophytic fungi influence the development of plants by producing plant growth hormones while at the same time improving nutrition by the bidirectional transfer of nutrients and the health of plants by protecting them against pathogens. Endophytic fungal associations with plants confer protection against adverse environmental conditions such as tolerance to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) and increased drought resistance and successfully compete with saprobic fungi. Endophytes are ubiquitous organisms valued for their ability to synthesize various bioactive compounds and have proven to be important sources of new bioactive compounds and extracellular enzymes (amylase, asparaginase cellulase, chitinase, laccase, lipase, protease, and tyrosinase). Plants infected with endophytic fungi see significant increases in biomass, improve commercial plant production, and are thus useful in agroforestry and flori-horticulture applications. Endophytic fungi are of biotechnological interest due to their potential for use as genetic vectors, biological control agents, sources of secondary metabolites, antimicrobial agents, antitumor compounds, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, producers of natural antioxidants, antiviral compounds, insecticidal products, and antidiabetic agents. This chapter presents a critical review of the isolation, characterization, identification, biodiversity, and potential applications of endophytic fungi in agriculture and allied sectors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, for the financial support provided (Grant BT/AGR/BIOFORTI/PHII/NIN/2011), Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), Government of India, grant for infrastructural facility development (F. No. 5-11/2010-HRD), and Prof. H.S. Dhaliwal, Vice-Chancellor, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, for providing necessary infrastructural facilities and constant encouragement.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Kusam Lata Rana, Divjot Kour, Imran Sheikh, Ajar Nath Yadav, Vinod Kumar & Harcharan Singh Dhaliwal

  2. Gopi Nath P.G. College, VBSP University, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Neelam Yadav

  3. Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India

    Bhim Pratap Singh

  4. ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Anil Kumar Saxena

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  1. Kusam Lata Rana
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    Bhim Pratap Singh

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Rana, K.L. et al. (2019). Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi from Diverse Niches and Their Biotechnological Applications. In: Singh, B. (eds) Advances in Endophytic Fungal Research. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03589-1_6

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