Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gypsum Karst Landscape in the Sivas Basin

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Landscapes and Landforms of Turkey

Part of the book series: World Geomorphological Landscapes ((WGLC))

Abstract

The Tertiary Sivas Basin, Central Anatolia, includes one of the most outstanding gypsum karst terrains in the world, covering an area of 2140 km2. This gypsum karst significantly contributes to enrich the diversity of karst landscapes in Turkey and constitutes an excellent natural laboratory for understanding their evolution because it develops and degrades much faster than carbonate karst landscapes. The ENE–WSW trending Sivas gypsum karst terrain is 280 km long and 55 km wide. The karst landscapes are mainly developed on Oligocene gypsum deposits. Sivas gypsum karst terrain has a wide variety of well-developed karst features such as karren, different types of dolines (solution, collapse and suffosion), blind valleys, karst springs, swallow holes (ponors), karstified paleo-valleys, caves, unroofed caves, natural bridges, gorges, uvalas and poljes. Solution dolines, which riddle a large part of the area, are the most common landform. The Kızılırmak River and its tributaries drain the Sivas Basin. Therefore, Quaternary evolution of the Kızılırmak River has played an important role in the long-term evolution of the karst landscape in the basin. Karst development in some parts of the basin has also been affected by halokinetic structures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alagöz CA (1967) Sivas Çevresi ve Doğusunda Jips Karstı Olayları. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Yayını, Ankara, 126 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrejchuk V, Klimchouk A (2004) Mechanisms of karst breakdown formation in the gypsum karst of the fore-Ural region, Russia (from observations in the Kungurskaja Cave). Speleogenesis Evol Karst Aquifers 2(2):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Calaforra JM, Pulido-Bosch A (1999) Gypsum karst features as evidence of diapiric processes in the Betic Cordillera Southern Spain. Geomorphol 29:251–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callot JP, Ribes C, Kergaravat C, Bonnel C, Temiz H, Poisson A, Vrielynck B, Salel JP, Ringebach JC (2014) Salt tectonics in the Sivas Basin (Turkey): crossing salt walls and minibasins. Bulletin de la Societe Géologique de France 185:33–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cater JML, Hanna SS, Ries AC, Turner P (1991) Tertiary evolution of the Sivas Basin, Central Turkey. Tectonophys 195:29–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çiner A, Koşun E, Deynoux M (2002) Fluvial, evaporitic and shallow-marine facies architecture, depositional evolution and cyclicity in the Sivas Basin (Lower to Middle Miocene) Central Turkey. J Asian Earth Sci 21:147–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper AH, Gutiérrez F (2013) Dealing with gypsum karst problems: hazards, environmental issues, and planning. In: Shroder JF (ed) Treatise on geomorphology. Elsevier, pp 451–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Çubuk Y, İnan S (1998) İmranlı ve Hafik Güneyinde (Sivas) Miyosen Havzası’nın Stratigrafik ve Tektonik Özellikleri. MTA Dergisi 120:45–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Doğan U (2002) Çankırı Doğusunda Jips Karstlaşmasıyla Oluşan Sübsidans Dolinleri. Gazi Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi 22(1):67–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Doğan U (2005) Land subsidence and caprock dolines caused by subsurface gypsum dissolution and the effect of subsidence on the fluvial system in the Upper Tigris Basin (between Bismil-Batman, Turkey). Geomorphol 71:389–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doğan U (2010) Fluvial response to climate change during and after the Last Glacial Maximum in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Quat Int 222:221–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doğan U, Özel S (2005) Gypsum karst and its evolution east of Hafik (Sivas, Turkey). Geomorphol 71(3–4):373–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doğan U, Yeşilyurt S (2004) Gypsum karst south of İmranlı. Cave Karst Sci 31(1):7–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford D, Williams P (2007) Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology. Wiley, Chichester, 562 p

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fort X, Brun J-P (2011) Salt tectonics at passive margins: geology versus models. Mar Pet Geol 28:1123–1145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gedik A, Özbudak N (1974) Sivas Celalli-1 sondajı bitirme raporu. MTA Rap., 5260 (yayımlanmamış), Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Günay G (2002) Gypsum karst, Sivas, Turkey. Environ Geol 42:387–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez F, Cooper AH (2013) Surface morphology of gypsum karst. In: Shroder JF (ed) Treatise on geomorphology. Elsevier, pp 425–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez F, Cooper AH, Johnson KS (2008a) Identification, prediction and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas. Environ Geol 53:1007–1022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez F, Guerrero J, Lucha P (2008b) A genetic classification of sinkholes illustrated from evaporite paleokarst exposures in Spain. Environ Geol 53:993–1006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klimchouk A (1996) The dissolution and conversion of gypsum and anhydrite. Int J Speleol 5:21–36 (In: Klimchouk A, Lowe D, Cooper A, Sauro U (eds) Gypsum karst of the world)

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimchouk A (2013) Evolution of intrastratal karst and caves in gypsum. In: Shroder JF (ed) Treatise on geomorphology. Elsevier, pp 438–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Koşun E, Çiner A (2002) Lithostratigraphy and facies characteristics of continental to shallow marine Miocene deposits; south of Zara (Sivas Basin). Bull Miner Res Explor (MTA J) 125:65–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr M, Kukla PA, Urai JL, Bresser G (2005) Multiphase salt tectonic evolution in NW Germany: seismic interpretation and retro-deformation. Int J Earth Sci 94(5–6):917–940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ocakoğlu F (1999) Evaporitlerden kaynaklanan sünümlü deformasyona ilişkin bazı veriler (Zara, Sivas doğusu). MTA Dergisi 121:83–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Poisson AM, Guezou JC, Öztürk A, İnan S, Temiz H, Gürsoy H, Kavak K, Özden S (1996) Tectonic setting and evolution of the Sivas Basin Central Anatolia, Turkey. Int Geol Rev 38:838–853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poisson A, Wernli R, Lozouet P, Poignant A, Temiz H (1997) New stratigraphic data concerning the marine Oligo-Miocene formations of the Sivas Basin (Turkey). Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences-Series II A—Earth Planatery Sci 325(11):869–875

    Google Scholar 

  • Temiz H (1996) Tectonostratigraphy and thrust tectonics of the Central and eastern parts of the Sivas Tertiary basin (Turkey). Int Geol Rev 38:957–971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waltham T (2002) Gypsum karst near Sivas Turkey. Cave Karst Sci 29(1):39–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz I (2007) GIS based susceptibility mapping of karst depressions in gypsum: a case study from Sivas Basin (Turkey). Eng Geol 90:89–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yılmaz A, Yılmaz H (2006) Characteristic features and structural evolution of a post collisional basin: the Sivas Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey. J Asian Earth Sci 27:164–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Francisco Gutiérrez and Alexander Klimchouk who reviewed and greatly improved this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Ankara University, Sıhhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey

    Uğur Doğan

  2. Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Serdar Yeşilyurt

Authors
  1. Uğur Doğan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Serdar Yeşilyurt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uğur Doğan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Physical Geography (LGP, UMR 8591), CNRS, Universities of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and Paris 12 U-Pec, Meudon, France

    Catherine Kuzucuoğlu

  2. Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Attila Çiner

  3. Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Nizamettin Kazancı

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Doğan, U., Yeşilyurt, S. (2019). Gypsum Karst Landscape in the Sivas Basin. In: Kuzucuoğlu, C., Çiner, A., Kazancı, N. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of Turkey. World Geomorphological Landscapes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03515-0_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation