Abstract
We describe and summarize our experiences from six industrial case studies in applying formal verification techniques to embedded, safety-critical code. The studies were conducted at Scania over the period of eight years. Despite certain successes, we have so far failed to introduce formal techniques on a larger scale. Based on our experiences, we identify and discuss some key obstacles to, and enabling factors for the successful incorporation of formal verification techniques into the software development and quality assurance process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Scania tops prestigious European truck test for the second year running. http://news.cision.com/scania/r/scania-tops-prestigious-european-truck-test-for-the-second-year-running,c2460100. Accessed 22 Apr 2018
Alglave, J., Donaldson, A.F., Kroening, D., Tautschnig, M.: Making software verification tools really work. In: Bultan, T., Hsiung, P.-A. (eds.) ATVA 2011. LNCS, vol. 6996, pp. 28–42. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24372-1_3
Ali, S., Sulyman, M.: Applying model checking for verifying the functional requirements of a Scania’s vehicle control system. Master’s thesis, Mälardalen University (2012)
Bäckström, S.: Learning-based testing of automotive ECUs. Master’s thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Computer Science and Communication (2016)
Behrmann, G., David, A., Larsen, K.G.: A tutorial on Uppaal. In: Bernardo, M., Corradini, F. (eds.) SFM-RT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3185, pp. 200–236. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30080-9_7
Cohen, E., et al.: VCC: a practical system for verifying concurrent C. In: Berghofer, S., Nipkow, T., Urban, C., Wenzel, M. (eds.) TPHOLs 2009. LNCS, vol. 5674, pp. 23–42. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03359-9_2
Cuoq, P., Kirchner, F., Kosmatov, N., Prevosto, V., Signoles, J., Yakobowski, B.: Frama-C: a software analysis perspective. In: Eleftherakis, G., Hinchey, M., Holcombe, M. (eds.) SEFM 2012. LNCS, vol. 7504, pp. 233–247. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33826-7_16
Eriksson, J.: Formal requirement models for automotive embedded systems. Master’s thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology (2016)
Gurov, D., Lidström, C., Nyberg, M., Westman, J.: Deductive functional verification of safety-critical embedded C-Code: an experience report. In: Petrucci, L., Seceleanu, C., Cavalcanti, A. (eds.) FMICS/AVoCS -2017. LNCS, vol. 10471, pp. 3–18. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67113-0_1
ISO26262: Road vehicles - functional safety. Standard ISO26262, International Organization for Standardization (2011)
Khosrowjerdi, H., Meinke, K., Rasmusson, A.: Learning-based testing for safety critical automotive applications. In: Bozzano, M., Papadopoulos, Y. (eds.) IMBSA 2017. LNCS, vol. 10437, pp. 197–211. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64119-5_13
Lidström, C.: Verification of functional requirements of embedded automotive C code. Master’s thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology (2016)
Meinke, K.: Automated black-box testing of functional correctness using function approximation. In: Proceedings of the ACM/SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 2004, 11–14 July 2004, pp. 143–153, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (2004)
Meinke, K., Sindhu, M.: LBtest: A learning-based testing tool for reactive systems. In: Sixth IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation, ICST 2013, Luxembourg, Luxembourg, 2013, pp. 447–454 (2013)
de Moura, L., Bjørner, N.: Z3: an efficient SMT solver. In: Ramakrishnan, C.R., Rehof, J. (eds.) TACAS 2008. LNCS, vol. 4963, pp. 337–340. Springer, Heidelberg (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78800-3_24
Watzenig, D., Horn, M.: Automated Driving: Safer and More Efficient Future Driving. Springer, New-York (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31895-0
Westman, J., Nyberg, M.: Providing tool support for specifying safety-critical systems by enforcing syntactic contract conditions. Requirements Engineering (2018)
Woodcock, J., Larsen, P.G., Bicarregui, J., Fitzgerald, J.S.: Formal methods: practice and experience. ACM Comput. Surv. 41(4), 19:1–19:36 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Nyberg, M., Gurov, D., Lidström, C., Rasmusson, A., Westman, J. (2018). Formal Verification in Automotive Industry: Enablers and Obstacles. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds) Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Industrial Practice. ISoLA 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11247. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03427-6_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03427-6_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03426-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03427-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)