Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Climate Change Adaptation in Eastern Europe pp 137–152Cite as

Duration of the Snow Cover and the Need for Artificial Snow—A Challenge for Management in Ski-Centres of Serbia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Climate Change Management ((CCM))

Abstract

The production and use of artificial snow has become necessary in most ski centres in Europe. The lack of snow creates problems in ski centres that were built without the prior valuation of natural factors. The survey covered winter tourist centres in Serbia, which are facing problems due to the shortening of the tourist season caused by the lack of snow cover on the ski slopes. The duration of the snow cover is the result of several factors. Air temperature changes were analysed in mountain tourist centres in Serbia, as well as at undeveloped destinations with a potential for snow sports. On the basis of the quantitative indicators of the air temperature and the methodology by means of which snowmaking is carried out, the time periods during the year for making artificial snow are presented. Due to the forecast rise in air temperature, the issue of profitability of artificial snow in the ski centres of Serbia remains open.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abegg B (1996) Klimaänderung und tourismus – Klimafolgenforschung am beispiel wintertourismus in den Schweizer Alpen. Vdf Hochschulverlag, Zurich

    Google Scholar 

  • Abegg B, Agrawala S, Crick F, de Montfalcon A (2007) Climate change impacts and adaptation in winter tourism. In: Agrawala S (ed) Climate change in the European Alps. OECD, Paris, pp 25–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Badre M, Prime JL, Ribiere G (2009) Neige de culture: Etat des lieux et impacts environnementaux, note socio-économique. Conseil Général de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajat B, Blagojević D, Kilibarda M, Luković J, Tošić I (2015) Spatial analysis of the temperature trends in Serbia during the period 1961–2010. Theor Appl Climatol 121(1–2):289–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bil A (2018) Climate change impacts on ski tourism: the case of Tatra Mountains, Poland. International Ecotourism Club. https://ecoclub.com/education/articles/914-131219-tatra-mountains-tourism-climate-change. Last accessed 13 Mar 2018

  • Bjedov I, Ristić R, Stavretović N, Stevović V, Radić B, Todosijević M (2011) Revegetation of ski runs in Serbia: case studies of Mts. Stara planina and Divčibare. Arch Biol Sci 63(4):1127‒1134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caravello G, Crescini E, Tarocco S, Palmeri F (2006) Environmental modifications induced by the practice of “Artificial snow-making” in the Obereggen/Val D’Ega Area (Italy). J Mediterr Ecol 7(1–4):31–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Damm A, Greuell W, Landgren O, Prettenthaler F (2016) Impacts of + 2 °C global warming on winter tourism demand in Europe. Clim Serv 7:3–46

    Google Scholar 

  • de Jong C, Barth T (2007) Challenges in hydrology of mountains ski resorts under changing climate and human pressures. In: Benveniste J et al (eds) Proceedings of the second space for hydrology workshop, Surface water storage and runoff: Modeling, in-situ data and remote sensing. European Space Agency, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Demiroglu OC (2016) Technical climate change adaptation options of the major ski resorts in Bulgaria. In: Koulov B, Zhelezov G (eds) Sustainable mountain regions: challenges and perspectives in Southeastern Europe. Springer, Cham, pp 77–88

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Demiroglu OC, Kučerová J, Ozcelebi O (2015) Snow reliability and climate elasticity: case of a Slovak ski resort. Tourism Rev 70(1):1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dincă AI, Surugiu C, Surugiu M, Frenţ C (2014) Stakeholder perspectives on climate change effects on tourism activities in the northern Romanian Carpathians: Vatra Dornei resort case study. Hum Geographies 8(1):27–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Djordjevic DS, Secerov V, Filipovic D, Lukic B, Jeftic MR (2016) The impact of climate change on the planning of mountain tourism development in Serbia: case studies of Kopaonik and Zlatibor. Fresen Environ Bull 25(11):5027–5034

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ECOSIGN (2007) Stara planina Master plan. http://www.jpstaraplanina.rs/cir/master-plan/. Last accessed 27 Feb 2018

  • EJR (2018) Nature park Stara planina, Serbia. Environmental Justice Atlas. http://ejatlas.org/conflict/nature-park-stara-planina-serbia. Last accessed 10 Mar 2018

  • Foehn P (1990) Schnee und lawinen. VAW Mitteilungen 108:33–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Folland CK et al (2001) Observed climate variability and change. In: Houghton JY et al (eds) Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 99–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Grunewald K, Schiethauer J (2010) Europe’s southernmost glacier: response and adaptation to climate change. J Glaciol 56(195):125–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grunewald K, Scheithauer J, Monget JM, Brown D (2009) Characterization of contemporary local climate change in the mountains of Southwest Bulgaria. Clim Change 95(3–4):535–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn F (2004) Künstliche beschneiung im Alpenraum – ein hintergrundbericht. CIRPA International, Schaan

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinnerth A (2012) Artificial snow production in winter sport destinations—strategies and challenges in Sälen. Högskolan Dalarna, Falum, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  • HTL (2009) Master plan za turističku destinaciju Kopaonik – finalni izveštaj poslovnog Master plana. Horwath i Horwath Consulting, Zagreb. http://www.kopaonik.rs/kopaonik/wp-content/dokumenti/pdf/Horwath-Master-plan-Kopaonik.pdf. Last accessed 10 Mar 2018

  • Infokop (2014) Sistem veštačkog osnežavanja na Kopaoniku. http://www.infokop.net/staze-i-zicare/sistem-za-vestacko-osnezavanje-5.html. Last accessed 4 Mar 2018

  • Joksimović MM, Gajić MR, Vujadinović SM, Golić RM, Vuković DB (2015) The effect of the thermal component change on regional climate indices in Serbia. Therm Sci 19(Suppl. 2):S391–S403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig U, Abegg B (1997) Impacts of climate change on winter tourism in the Swiss Alps. J Sustain Tour 5(1):46–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lang T (2009) Energetische bedeutung der technischen pistenbeschneiung und potentiale für energieoptimierungen. Bundesamt für Energie (BFE), Zurich

    Google Scholar 

  • Micu D (2009) Snow pack in the Romanian Carpathians under changing climatic conditions. Meteorol Atmos Phys 105(1–2):1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikloš M, Slobodníková L, Babálová D, Škvarenina J, Ujházy K (2015) Effect of snowmaking on vegetation of submontane ski area. Acta Facultatis Forestalis Zvolen 57(1):47–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Milivojević M, Menković Lj, Ćalić J (2008) Pleistocene glacial relief of the central part of Mt. Prokletije (Albanian Alps). Quatern Int 190(1):112–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mišović M, Nišavić M (eds) (1951) Smučarstvo u Srbiji. Smučarski savez Srbije, Beograd

    Google Scholar 

  • Mochurova M, Kaloyanov T, Mishev P (2010) Impacts of climate change on winter tourism in Borovets. Econ Stud J 2:98–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Moen J, Fredman P (2007) Effects of climate change on Alpine skiing in Sweden. J Sustain Tour 15(4):418–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogrin M, Ogrin D, Rodman N, Močnik M, Vengar R, Smolej A, Bunčič G (2011) Climate change and the future of winter tourism in Slovenia. Croatian Geogr Bull 73(1):215–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Potić I, Joksimović M, Golić R (2015) Changes in vegetation cover on Stara planina: towards sustainable management of ski resorts in sensitive areas. Bull Serb Geogr Soc 95(2):25–40

    Google Scholar 

  • RHSS (2017) Climate statistical data. Republic hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, Belgrade. http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/klimatologija_srednjaci.php, http://www.hidmet.gov.rs/ciril/meteorologija/klimatologija_godisnjaci.php. Last accessed 11 Mar 2018

  • Ristić R et al (2008a) Main project of erosion control works on ski-runs in ski resort Tornik-Zlatibor. Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

    Google Scholar 

  • Ristić R et al (2008b) Main project of erosion control works in ski resort Kopaonik. Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

    Google Scholar 

  • Ristić R et al (2008c) Main project of erosion control works on ski-run Briježđa-Nova Varoš. Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

    Google Scholar 

  • Ristić R et al (2008d) Main project of erosion control works on ski-run Crni vrh-Divčibare. Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

    Google Scholar 

  • Ristić R, Vasiljević N, Radić B, Radivojević S (2009) Degradation of landscape in Serbian ski resorts—aspects of scale and transfer imapcts. Spatium 20:49–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rixen C, Stoeckli V, Ammann W (2003) Does artificial snow production affect soil and vegetation of ski pistes? Perspect Plant Ecol 5(4):219–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott D, Lemieux C (2010) Weather and climate information for tourism. Procedia Environ Sci 1:146–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott D, McBoyle G (2007) Climate change adaptation in the ski industry. Mitig Adapt Strat Gl 12(8):1411–1431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SORS (2017) Statistical releases, Tourist turnover (UT10). Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade. http://www.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PageView.aspx?pKey=182

  • Stocker TF et al (2013) Technical summary. In: Stocker TF et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, pp 31–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Stojsavljević R, Božić S, Kovačević M, Bubalo-Živković M, Miljković Đ (2016) Influence of selected climate parameters on tourist traffic of Kopaonik and Zlatibor mountains (Republic of Serbia). Geogr Pannon 20(4):208–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Surugiu C, Dincă AI, Micu D (2010) Tourism destinations vulnerable to climate changes: an econometric approach on Predeal resort. Pet Gas Univ Ploiesti Bull Econ Sci Ser 62(1):111–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Surugiu C, Surugiu MR, Frent C, Breda Z (2011) Effects of climate change on Romanian mountain tourism: are they positive or mostly negative? Eur J Tourism Hospitality Recreation 2(1):42–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Šušić V, Đorđević DŽ (2013) Turistički centar na Staroj planini – ekološki ili ekonomski neuspeh? Teme 37(1):459–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Trawöger L (2014) Convinced, ambivalent or annoyed: tyrolean and their perceptions of climate change. Tourism Manage 40:338–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unkašević M, Tošić I (2013) Trends in temperature indices over Serbia: relationships to large-scale circulation patterns. Int J Climatol 33(15):3152–3161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vrtačnik Garbas K (2007) The potential influences of climate changes on tourist demand in winter sport centres in Slovenia. In: Matzarakis A, de Freitas SR, Scott D (eds) Developments in tourism climatology. In: 3rd international workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation. International Society of Biometeorology, Commission on Climate, Tourism and Recreation, Freiburg, pp 199–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrtačnik Garbas K (2009) Developmental possibilities of winter-sport centres in Slovenia in the light of climate change. Acad Turistica 2(1–2):56–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Vujadinović S, Šabić D, Joksimović M, Golić R, Gajić M, Živković L, Milinčić M (2013) Possiblities for mountain-based adventure tourism: the case of Serbia. Bull Geogr Socio-Econ Ser 19:99–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Wall G, Badke C (1994) Tourism and climate change: an international perspective. J Sustain Tour 2(4):193–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcke RAI, Leuprecht A, Gobiet A (2012) CC-Snow: effects of climate change on future snow conditions, winter tourism and economy in Tyrol and Styria, final report—Climate. University of Graz, Wegener Center of Climate and Global Change, Graz

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfsegger C, Gossling S, Scott D (2008) Climate change risk appraisal in the Austrian ski industry. Tourism Rev Int 12(1):13–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This paper presents the result of the research projects 176008, funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/3, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia

    Marko Joksimović, Dejan Šabić, Snežana Vujadinović, Rajko Golić & Mirjana Gajić

Authors
  1. Marko Joksimović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dejan Šabić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Snežana Vujadinović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rajko Golić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mirjana Gajić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marko Joksimović .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Science, HAW Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Walter Leal Filho

  2. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Goran Trbic

  3. Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Dejan Filipovic

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Joksimović, M., Šabić, D., Vujadinović, S., Golić, R., Gajić, M. (2019). Duration of the Snow Cover and the Need for Artificial Snow—A Challenge for Management in Ski-Centres of Serbia. In: Leal Filho, W., Trbic, G., Filipovic, D. (eds) Climate Change Adaptation in Eastern Europe. Climate Change Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03383-5_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation