Modern Molecular Biology Technologies and Higher Usability of Ancient Knowledge of Medicinal Plants for Treatment of Human Diseases

Vaidyanathan, Venkatesh; Naidu, Vijay; Jabed, Anower; Tran, Khanh; Kallingappa, Prasanna; Kao, Chi Hsiu-Juei; Wang, Alice; Karunasinghe, Nishi; Pallati, Radha; Marlow, Gareth; Ahmad, Shaik Noor; Ferguson, Lynnette R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03344-6_7

Modern Molecular Biology Technologies and Higher Usability of Ancient Knowledge of Medicinal Plants for Treatment of Human Diseases

Venkatesh Vaidyanathan^3,4,
Vijay Naidu⁵,
Anower Jabed⁶,
Khanh Tran⁶,
Prasanna Kallingappa^6,7,
Chi Hsiu-Juei Kao^3,4,
Alice Wang^3,4,
Nishi Karunasinghe⁴,
Radha Pallati³,
Gareth Marlow⁸,
Shaik Noor Ahmad⁹ &
…
Lynnette R. Ferguson^3,4

Chapter
First Online: 23 January 2019

1323 Accesses
2 Citations

Abstract

Medicinal plants and plant products have been used by humans since the ancient times. Medicinal plants find wide usage in developed as well as in developing countries worldwide even till date, and yet there is not much crosstalk between the researchers of molecular medicine and/or diagnostics and practitioners and users of alternative medicines. In this chapter, we have tried to connect the dots and identify certain simple yet well-established molecular technologies that we believe should be employed in order to identify the function of the genes and the effect of the bioactive compound(s) in medicinal plant(s) to treat patients with various chronic diseases such as various cancers or enhance conventional treatment for better patient outcome.

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Abbreviations

AKR1C3 :: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3
BH-FDR:: Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate
BLOSUM:: BLOcks SUbstitution Matrix
BONF:: Bonferroni correction
DASH:: Dynamic allele-specific hybridization
DNA:: Deoxyribonucleic acid
dNDPs:: Deoxynucleotide diphosphates
dNTPs:: Deoxynucleotide triphosphates
FASTA:: FAST-All
gDNA:: Genomic DNA
GeCKO:: Genome-scale CRISPR knock-out
GWAS:: Genome-wide association studies
HDR:: Homology-directed repair
HOXB8 :: Homeobox B8
HWE:: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
IBS:: Identical by state
LD:: Linkage disequilibrium
MAFFT:: Multiple alignment using fast Fourier transform
ME:: Minimum evolution
ML:: Maximum likelihood
MP:: Maximum parsimony
mRNA:: Messenger ribonucleic acid
NJ:: Neighbour joining
NHER:: Non-homologous end joining
PAM:: Point accepted mutations
PCa:: Prostate cancer
PSA:: Prostate-specific antigen
RFLP:: Restriction fragment length polymorphism
RNA:: Ribonucleic acid
RNAi:: RNA interference
sgRNA:: Single guide RNA
shRNA:: Short hairpin RNA
SNP:: Single nucleotide polymorphism
TALEN:: Transcription activator-like effector nuclease
UPGMA:: Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means
ZFN:: Zinc finger nuclease

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Authors and Affiliations

Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Venkatesh Vaidyanathan, Chi Hsiu-Juei Kao, Alice Wang, Radha Pallati & Lynnette R. Ferguson
Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
Venkatesh Vaidyanathan, Chi Hsiu-Juei Kao, Alice Wang, Nishi Karunasinghe & Lynnette R. Ferguson
School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
Vijay Naidu
Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Anower Jabed, Khanh Tran & Prasanna Kallingappa
Vernon Jenson Unit, FM & HS, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Prasanna Kallingappa
Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Gareth Marlow
Department of Genetic Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Shaik Noor Ahmad

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Venkatesh Vaidyanathan
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Vijay Naidu
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Anower Jabed
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Khanh Tran
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Prasanna Kallingappa
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Chi Hsiu-Juei Kao
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Alice Wang
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Nishi Karunasinghe
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Radha Pallati
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Gareth Marlow
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Shaik Noor Ahmad
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Lynnette R. Ferguson
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Correspondence to Venkatesh Vaidyanathan .

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Department of Botany and Centre for Environmental Studies Ege University, Vice President of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences Amann, Jordan, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey
Munir Ozturk
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Khalid Rehman Hakeem

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Vaidyanathan, V. et al. (2019). Modern Molecular Biology Technologies and Higher Usability of Ancient Knowledge of Medicinal Plants for Treatment of Human Diseases. In: Ozturk, M., Hakeem, K. (eds) Plant and Human Health, Volume 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03344-6_7

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03344-6_7
Published: 23 January 2019
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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