Abstract
In previous GEI publications, we have described the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index methodology in detail. Here we describe the structure of the dataset and a short summary of the GEI methodology. As compared to the previous versions, the institutional components of the GEI have been reviewed and changed. Here, we provide a description of the changes. As a result, the previous scores and rankings cannot be compared to this version.
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Notes
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See Acs, Szerb, and Autio (2014) p. 480.
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Based on our experience, when a country eventually joins GEM, the actual data produced tends to be very similar to our estimates. We have collected those 11 countries that joined GEM over the 2012–2015 time period for which we previously estimated their data points. Out of the 11 countries, GEI scores were within the 10% range of differences including Botswana, Burkina Faso, Estonia, Malawi, Namibia, Qatar, and Senegal. Three countries—Cameroon, El Salvador, and Ethiopia—are within the 20% range, and the only large difference in calculation is Bulgaria. Bulgaria has proved to be a major outlier in the European Union, just as nearly every dataset has outliers. It seems that we did provide fair estimations for all the African countries. When you evaluate these estimation results, do not forget that all data collection has an error term since we use samples and not the full population. In fact the error term in Bulgaria, based on the Total Early-Phased Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), appears to be very high. For more information on the application of estimated data, see our website https://thegedi.org/the-value-of-estimation-creating-reference-points-for-countries-with-missing-data/.
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Some may not consider the West Bank and Gaza Strip an independent country. Tonga and Vanuatu are tiny countries, and Yemen and Syria have been engaged in civil war over the last few years.
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In order to check potential bias, the index was calculated without these countries; however, the GEI values and the rank order of the involved countries were basically unchanged.
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OECD (2008).
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The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measures for the original pillar values are 0.94 and 0.96 for the PFB-adjusted pillars, well above the critical value of 0.50. The Bartlett’s test is significant at the 0.000 level, excluding the possibility that the pillars are not interrelated.
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We have calculated the c-alpha values for each of the three sub-indices. Using the PFB-adjusted pillar values, the c-alpha scores are 0.92 (ATT pillars), 0.91 (ABT pillars), and 0.93 (ASP pillars).
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Acs, Rappai, and Szerb (2011), Acs, Autio, and Szerb (2014).
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Ács, Z.J., Szerb, L., Lafuente, E., Lloyd, A. (2018). Methodology and Data Description. In: Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2018. SpringerBriefs in Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03279-1_6
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