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Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Risk for Disordered Gambling

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Abstract

The literature on the behavioral genetics of disordered gambling is reviewed in this chapter. This includes studies that have focused on estimating the aggregate influence of genetic and environmental factors and studies that have focused on identifying the specific genes that account for the aggregate genetic risk. Topics also covered are disordered gambling comorbidity, developmentally relevant studies, identifying the specific environments that account for the aggregate environmental risk, and gene-environment interplay. The chapter is concluded with a summary of the general conclusions, areas in need of more research, and recommendations for the way forward.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Davis, C.N., Slutske, W.S., Martin, N.G., Agrawal, A., & Lynskey, M.T. (2018). Genetic and environmental influences on gambling disorder liability: A replication and combined analysis of two twin studies. Psychological Medicine, published online first.

  2. 2.

    The second law is “the effect of being raised in the same family is smaller than the effect of the genes,” and the third law is “a substantial portion of the variation in complex human behavioral traits is not accounted for by the effects of genes or families.”

  3. 3.

    Giddens et al. (2011) reported genetic associations of DG with generalized anxiety and panic disorder. However, because there were too few doubly concordant twin pairs to estimate the dizygotic twin correlations, the genetic correlations may have been misestimated.

  4. 4.

    These large estimates are interesting but implausible given what we now know based on the results of genome-wide association studies of complex disorders.

  5. 5.

    The monozygotic twin correlations for DG in the Vietnam Era and Australian twin studies ranged from r = 0.48 to 0.63 [6, 9, 11].

  6. 6.

    This may partially be explained by gambling disorder research being a low priority for funding at the US National Institutes of Health. This might change in the future.

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Acknowledgement

Funding: Preparation of this chapter was funded in part by a Center of Excellence in Gambling Research grant from the National Center for Gaming Research.

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  1. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Wendy S. Slutske

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  1. Wendy S. Slutske
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Correspondence to Wendy S. Slutske .

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Andreas Heinz

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Marc N. Potenza

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Slutske, W.S. (2019). Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Risk for Disordered Gambling. In: Heinz, A., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., Potenza, M. (eds) Gambling Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03060-5_5

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