Abstract
More than ever, infectious diseases are an issue of international importance. However, related research, increasing knowledge and technologies often bear dual-use aspects as an immanent risk of misuse, e.g. for development and proliferation of biological weapons. In this chapter, relevant programmes, regulations and binding international agreements are introduced to give an overview of activities concerning bio-nonproliferation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Like the spread of infectious diseases agents, access to clean water and sanitary facilities, reproductive health and mother-child health.
- 2.
After political difficulties in 2014, Russia was suspended from being part of the G8 group. Although Russia was welcomed back to the group, they did not attend a further meeting of the G8 so far.
- 3.
Due to their connection to the GHSA, IHR are not included in Chapter I although they are legally binding (binding in terms of international law).
References
Definition of dual use research of concern (DURC). 2013 [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/durc/en/.
John Hart RT. Science, technology, and the biological weapons convention. 2012 [cited 2017]. Available from: https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2012_10/Science-Technology-and-the-Biological-Weapons-Convention#hart.
Geneva Protocol. [cited 2017]. Available from: https://unoda-web.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/assets/WMD/Bio/pdf/Status_Protocol.pdf.
Biological and toxin weapons convention. [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/%28httpAssets%29/C4048678A93B6934C1257188004848D0/$file/BWC-text-English.pdf.
Becker-Jakob U. Balanced minimalism – The biological weapons convention after its 7th review conference. PRIF-Report No. 120. 2013.
Regional groups in the biological weapons convention. Available from: http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/%28httpPages%29/73C3C49BEA5621A0C12572DB00477B4A?OpenDocument.
Milton Leitenberg RAZ. The Soviet Biological Weapons Program – a history. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 2012.
Chandré Gould PF. Project Coast: Apartheid’s Chemical and Biological Warfare Programme. Geneva: United Nations Publication; 2002.
Zilinskas RA. Iraq’s biological weapons. The past as future? JAMA. 1997;278(5):418–24.
The confidence building measures (CBMs). [cited 2017]. Available from: https://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/5E2E8E6499843CCBC1257E52003ADED4?OpenDocument.
Findlay T. Verification and the BWC: last gasp or signs of life? 2006 [cited 2017]. Available from: https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2006_09/BWCVerification.
Bansak KC. Enhancing compliance with an evolving treaty: a task for an improved BWC intersessional process. 2011 [cited 2017]. Available from: https://www.armscontrol.org/print/4902.
Gerstein DM. National security and arms control in the age of biotechnology: the biological and toxin weapons convention. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield; 2013. p. 234.
BWC meeting of states parties (10–14 December 2012). [cited 2017]. Available from: https://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/89835CB0A2DAA4A0C1257B6E003415C5?OpenDocument.
Eighth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction. 2016 [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/%28httpAssets%29/F277FA6A2B96BA98C125807A005B2F59/$file/2016-1129+Final+report+adv+vers.pdf.
Seventh Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction. 2011 [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/%28httpAssets%29/C2BAA955E58E15C7C1257D01005260D3/$file/BWC_CONF.VII_07.pdf.
Robertson SP, et al. Frontometaphyseal dysplasia: mutations in FLNA and phenotypic diversity. Am J Med Genet A. 2006;140(16):1726–36.
Convention on biological diversity. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/.
Bagley MA, Rai AK. The Nagoya protocol and synthetic biology research: a look at the potential impacts. Washington, DC: Wilson Centre; 2013.
Nagoya Protocol. Available from: https://www.cbd.int/abs/nagoya-protocol/.
Access and benefit-sharing clearing-house. Available from: https://absch.cbd.int/.
Smallpox. [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/en/.
Damon IK, Damaso CR, McFadden G. Are we there yet? The smallpox research agenda using variola virus. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(5):e1004108.
WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research: Report of the Eighteenth Meeting, Geneva. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.
Security Council Resolution 1540. 2004 [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/1540%282004%29.
Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) [on non-proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons]. 2004 [cited 2017]. Available from: http://unbisnet.un.org:8080/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=voting&index=.VM#x0026;term=sres1540%20(2004)#focus.
Australia Group. [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.australiagroup.net/en/.
CBW Events. [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.cbw-events.org.uk/.
Global Health Security Initiative (GHSI). [cited 2017]. Available from: http://www.ghsi.ca/english/index.asp.
Global Health Security Initiative. Available from. https://ec.europa.eu/health/preparedness_response/cbrn_threats/ghsi_en.
Global Health Security Initiative (GHSI). Available from: https://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/international/ghsi/pages/default.aspx.
De Cock KM, et al. The new global health. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(8):1192–7.
Lee K, Collin J. Global change and health. Maidenhead. Open University Press; 2015.
Rowson M, et al. Conceptualising global health: theoretical issues and their relevance for teaching. Glob Health. 2012;8:36.
Kickbusch I. Global health – a definition. Available from: https://www.ilonakickbusch.com/kickbusch/global-health/.
Omran AR. The epidemiologic transition. A theory of the epidemiology of population change. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 1971;49(4):509–38.
Nations U. Millennium development goals report 2015. New York: United Nations; 2015.
McInnes C, Lee K. Health, security and foreign policy. Rev Int Stud. 2006;32:5–32.
Heymann DL, et al. Global health security: the wider lessons from the west African Ebola virus disease epidemic. Lancet. 2015;385(9980):1884–901.
The G8 global partnership against the spread of weapons and materials of mass destruction, in G8 summit. Kananaskis, Canada; 2002.
Report on the G8 global partnership against the spread of weapons and materials of mass destruction, in G8 summit. Deauville, France; 2011.
EU CBRN risk mitigation centres of excellence initiative. Available from: http://www.cbrn-coe.eu/.
EU CBRN CoE initiative: 5th round table meeting for Central Asia.
CBRN Centres of Excellence. Available from: http://www.unicri.it/topics/cbrn/coe/.
Global Health Security Agenda. [cited 2017]. Available from: https://www.ghsagenda.org.
WHO, editor. International Health Regulations (2005). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hecht, M., Kloth, S., Lee, MH. (2019). Overview of Global Coordination on Bio-Nonproliferation and Its Limits. In: Singh, S., Kuhn, J. (eds) Defense Against Biological Attacks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03053-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03053-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03052-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03053-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)