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Chromitite Deposits of Turkey in Tethyan Ophiolites

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Mineral Resources of Turkey

Part of the book series: Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences ((MASE,volume 16))

Abstract

Some parts of the Tethyan ophiolites of Alpine-Himalayan suture belt are located within Turkey. The Tethyan belt splits into two branches in Turkey. The northern branch follows the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Zone, while the southern branch extends along the Anatolide-Tauride and Bitlis-Zagros suture zone. The subsections of the latter reach Iran in the east and Oman ophiolites in the south east. These ophiolites are also the only environments in which chromitite deposits occur. Consequently, the ophiolites in Turkey are significantly rich in terms of Alpine type chromitite occurrences and they are the oldest metallic mine products.

There has been chromitite ore production in Turkey since the nineteenth century. With their refractory quality, chromitite produced in Turkey has always had a good standing in the market. Chromitite, which was exported as lump ore until mid-twentieth century, started to be used in the domestic market as the country’s industry developed, but still, even today an important part of the production is exported. In addition, since the chromitite developments near to the surface are almost completely exhausted, the chromitite ore production in the country has evolved to concentrated ore obtained from low grade deposits, through beneficiation. Although there are many active beneficiation plants in various parts of the country, there is still a significant amount of concentrate ore production; especially in the deposits of Adana-Aladağ region.

In this chapter, the mentioned chromitite occurrences are discussed in a specific order from west to east, taking into account the ophiolite sequences to which they belong. The North Anatolian Ophiolites are introduced in the first three sections whereas the other three sections present the chromitite deposits of the South Anatolian Ophiolites. Nevertheless, considering the historical records and future production potentials, Turkey’s most important chromitite production regions could be listed in order of priority as Guleman (Elazığ), Kopdağ region (Erzincan), Muğla-Fethiye region, Aladağ-Pınarbaşı (Adana-Kayseri), Orhaneli-Harmancık (Bursa)-Eskişehir region and Hatay. It is clear that these should all be taken into consideration for further prospecting targeting.

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Acknowledgements

This chapter includes valuable data from prospecting reports of MTA, accrued during many years, resulting from long-lived studies. Dr. Tandoğan Engin, Dr. Yusuf Ziya Özkan, Bayazıt Erdem, Ali Kemal Akın and İlhan Odabaşı should be mentioned first. A. Olcay Çolakoğlu, Aytekin Türkel and Serdar Keskin were also active prospectors for these Projects. We have to present our gratitude to all prospectors in the past and the present, for their enormous efforts and contribution to the mining sector.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mineral Research and Exploration, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey

    Yahya Çiftçi, Cahit Dönmez & Kurtuluş Günay

  2. Engineering Faculty, Geological Engineering Department, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey

    Osman Parlak

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  1. Yahya Çiftçi
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  2. Cahit Dönmez
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  3. Osman Parlak
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  4. Kurtuluş Günay
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Correspondence to Yahya Çiftçi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia

    Franco Pirajno

  2. Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Taner Ünlü

  3. Department of Mineral Research and Exploration, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey

    Cahit Dönmez

  4. Department of Geological Research, General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey

    M. Bahadır Şahin

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Çiftçi, Y., Dönmez, C., Parlak, O., Günay, K. (2019). Chromitite Deposits of Turkey in Tethyan Ophiolites. In: Pirajno, F., Ünlü, T., Dönmez, C., Şahin, M. (eds) Mineral Resources of Turkey. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02950-0_3

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