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Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer: Fertility Implications and Clinical Practice

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Textbook of Oncofertility Research and Practice

Abstract

Survival rates in childhood and adolescent cancer have risen over the past decades, leading to the potential for desiring a family as a survivor. Young adults with cancer (patients diagnosed between ages of 15 and 39) are a recognized group of patients with special needs including fertility preservation and access to care. These patient groups together are referred to Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult (CAYA) oncology and have been a focus in oncofertility since its inception. Research on outcomes of gonadal toxicity from cancer treatment modalities has been abundant and led to practitioners being proactive as standards of care have changed to address fertility-preserving options at diagnosis or at relapse of disease. Ethical issues and access to these services have been a concern in the younger population of CAYA cancer patients. Infertility and sterility have been known to cause psychological distress, and healthcare providers need to be aware of this and trained to address fertility effects and develop strategies to meet their survivor’s needs.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center or Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Karen E. Kinahan

  2. Solid Tumors and Fertility Preservation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Barbara A. Lockart

  3. Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Christina E. Boots

  4. Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Aarati Didwania

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  4. Aarati Didwania
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Correspondence to Karen E. Kinahan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL, USA

    Teresa K. Woodruff

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Divya K. Shah

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

    Wendy S. Vitek

Review Questions and Answers

Review Questions and Answers

  1. Q1.

    Which class of chemotherapeutic agents is best known for their gonadal toxicity and associated infertility/sterility?

  2. A1.

    Alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, procarbazine, and busulfan are known to be associated with reduced fertility.

  3. Q2.

    A 32-year-old female treated at age 15 for Hodgkin lymphoma with MOPP (nitrogen mustard (melphalan), oncovorin, procarbazine, and prednisone) without radiation arrives in your office and wants to discuss a fertility workup. She has attempted pregnancy for 9 months without success. What type of doctor would you ideally refer her to?

  4. A2.

    This patient should be referred to a reproductive endocrine specialist who can counsel her on an evaluation, review results, and make appropriate referrals.

  5. Q3.

    True or false? All patients who received cancer treatment are at risk for infertility/sterility.

  6. A3.

    False. Many patients treated with chemotherapy and direct radiation not encompassing the abdomen or gonads may conceive or sire a pregnancy. This notion of cancer = infertility reiterates the importance for obtaining detailed cancer treatment records including cumulative dosages of alkylating agents if possible.

  7. Q4.

    What are some reliable resources for physicians and advanced practice providers to access to educate themselves about advances in reproductive medicine and counseling CAYA survivors on their risk of infertility?

  8. A4.

    The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) have developed clinical guidelines and education materials for providers (► asco.org, ► NCCN.org). The ASCO website offers Focus Under 40 which includes education programs for male and female fertility preservation and survivorship at ► https://university.asco.org/focus-under-forty. The Children’s Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines available at ► http://www.survivorshipguidelines.org offer health links on male and female reproductive system issues.

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Kinahan, K.E., Lockart, B.A., Boots, C.E., Didwania, A. (2019). Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer: Fertility Implications and Clinical Practice. In: Woodruff, T., Shah, D., Vitek, W. (eds) Textbook of Oncofertility Research and Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02868-8_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02868-8_2

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02868-8

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