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The Post-Cold War Round: The Failure to Build Institutionalized Basin-Wide Cooperation in the Nile Basin

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The Nile Development Game

Abstract

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the world entered into a period where there was no longer a bipolar rivalry. Instead, international development partners across the globe played a larger role, especially in underdeveloped regions, amongst which was the Nile Basin. Accordingly, the Nile riparians emerged from the Cold War with the ambition of rebuilding their economies to meet their growing needs. They were also encouraged by international development partners to open a new chapter of bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Yet, there was a competition between the downstream and upstream states over setting the foundation of the newly established cooperation, whether to base it on “causing no significant harm,” in reference to the existing agreements and current uses, or on “equitable utilization” through a new legal framework involving the entire Nile Basin riparian states.

Egypt will not sign the Framework Agreement unless there is clear wording that preserves the current rights and water uses. Signing the draft agreement, with its current formula, without resolving the pending points of disagreement, does not serve the Egyptian interests and harms the Egyptian rights stipulated by the effective international agreements between Egypt and the upstream countries…

Egypt’s Speaker of the People’s Assembly, Fathi Sorour, on April 13, 2010, in the Sharm el-Sheikh meeting (EMFA 2010)

Some people in Egypt have old-fashioned ideas based on the assumption that the Nile water belongs to Egypt … The circumstances have changed and changed forever … the way forward is not for Egypt to try to stop the unstoppable. The way forward is to seek a win-win solution through diplomatic efforts.

Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, on May 20, 2010 (Al-Arabiya 2010)

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Available at: http://gis.nacse.org/tfdd/treaties.php?page=full&origin=river&tn=521 (accessed on October 18, 2016).

  2. 2.

    Turabi recorded his testimony about the failed attempt of assassination and requested not to broadcast it until after his death, which took place only recently few months after he passed away in March 2016. As reported in Sudan Tribune (2016a), Turabi said that important figures in the Sudanese regime at that time were involved in the assassination attempt, but neither him nor Bashir were aware of such arrangements. Turabi added that Egyptian Islamist leaders asked him, before the attempt, to facilitate the assassination, but he refused and sought to convince them to abandon the idea.

  3. 3.

    Available at: http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/conventions/8_3_1997.pdf (accessed on November 19, 2016).

  4. 4.

    Available at: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL11A98688058BBD6C (accessed on November 22, 2016).

  5. 5.

    In his book, “The crisis of the Ethiopian Renaissance Dam,” Allam mentioned that the Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources consulted an international legal expert from Britain, who remained anonymous. Allam said that this British expert advised him not to sign the CFA in its current form and confirmed to him that the Nile historic treaties are still valid and binding, especially the ones that are “border agreements” as the 1902 and 1929 Agreements (Allam 2014: 97).

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  1. Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany

    Mina Michel Samaan

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Samaan, M.M. (2019). The Post-Cold War Round: The Failure to Build Institutionalized Basin-Wide Cooperation in the Nile Basin. In: The Nile Development Game. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02665-3_5

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